refactor: modular dependency setup and management

[moven0831]

Summary

• Job Dependencies: Lint jobs (lint, clippy_check) run first, all test jobs depend on them and run in parallel
• Enhanced Caching: Job-specific cache keys (circom-prover, ffi, cli, etc.) for better cache utilization
• Reduced Duplication: Eliminated repeated dependency installation code across jobs
• Error Handling: Added proper exit code handling for WASM tests that modify workspace files

New Reusable Actions

• .github/actions/setup-deps/action.yml: Centralized system dependency installation with caching
• .github/actions/setup-rust/action.yml: Standardized Rust toolchain setup with optimized caching

Related Works

• Builds upon and refines Refactor github workflows #552 workflow refactoring approach.
• Completes Refactor github action workflow #263