Add runtime error tests

[jacinta-stacks]

I am not yet convinced that my reasoning about my untested variants is correct. Still looking into it. Especially the AST errors. Having a hard time reasoning out when those would trigger.

Replaces #6690

Closes #6695

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 87.00265% with 98 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 79.83%. Comparing base (ad4a4e2) to head (1d8eb71).
⚠️ Report is 3 commits behind head on develop.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/runtime_tests.rs	82.32%	85 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/database/clarity_db.rs	90.54%	7 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/contexts.rs	96.66%	2 Missing ⚠️
clarity/src/vm/database/sqlite.rs	83.33%	2 Missing ⚠️
pox-locking/src/pox_4.rs	96.96%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #6698      +/-   ##
===========================================
+ Coverage    79.70%   79.83%   +0.13%     
===========================================
  Files          577      578       +1     
  Lines       357591   358341     +750     
===========================================
+ Hits        285022   286096    +1074     
+ Misses       72569    72245     -324     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
clarity-types/src/types/mod.rs	95.81% <ø> (ø)
clarity/src/vm/costs/cost_functions.rs	100.00% <ø> (ø)
clarity/src/vm/functions/assets.rs	85.43% <ø> (ø)
clarity/src/vm/variables.rs	96.15% <100.00%> (+2.82%)	⬆️
stacks-common/src/types/mod.rs	74.95% <100.00%> (+0.31%)	⬆️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/consensus.rs	94.82% <100.00%> (+0.02%)	⬆️
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/mod.rs	77.93% <ø> (ø)
stackslib/src/chainstate/tests/parse_tests.rs	83.33% <100.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
stackslib/src/clarity_vm/database/marf.rs	59.07% <ø> (ø)
clarity/src/vm/contexts.rs	92.52% <96.66%> (+0.89%)	⬆️
... and 4 more

... and 64 files with indirect coverage changes

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[federico-stacks]

Left a small remark. I would have approved and let you decide how to handle it, but I also noticed that your commits are no longer signed. Not sure whether that’s due to your local configuration or the change Jesse made to the CI. Just flagging it so you’re aware.

[federico-stacks]

I noticed that we started a new impl StacksEpochId block. Could make sense to merge it with the one below? Or is there a specific reason we kept them separated?

stacks-core/stacks-common/src/types/mod.rs

Lines 479 to 483 in 77f1583

	impl StacksEpochId {
	#[cfg(any(test, feature = "testing"))]
	pub const fn latest() -> StacksEpochId {
	StacksEpochId::Epoch33
	}