ci: update matrix to currently supported Node.js versions

[nschonni]

Dropped EOL 16, 17, 19, and added 23.
Pushed the array format to list format for easier diff in the future as items are added/removed.

[schorfES]

Thank you for taking care of this. Could we please stick with version 16 for now? This package needs to support older Node versions as well (for example the grunt package).

Edit: Dropping v16 here means in general a dropped support for node 16, which then also needs an update here (package.json). Form what I saw, we possibly need to do this for this version bump of editorconfig.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 99.69%. Comparing base (f1a96e0) to head (4a94161).
Report is 47 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #320   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.68%   99.69%           
=======================================
  Files           7        7           
  Lines         320      328    +8     
  Branches       90       96    +6     
=======================================
+ Hits          319      327    +8     
  Misses          1        1           

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