Add rapids-doctor basic health checks

[ncclementi]

Description

Adding some basic health checks to be discovered by rapids-doctor when this is installed.

Notes:

• I want some feedback on weather the functional_numba_check is the right approach to test this, or if we should modify it. This was added based on my experience in certain scenarios I encountered, but this might not happen any more. Feedback welcome.
• I tested the usage and discoverability of the checks locally.
• We can start with this checks, and continue with more as needed.

Checklist

• I am familiar with the Contributing Guidelines.
• New or existing tests cover these changes. (N/A)
• The documentation is up to date with these changes. (N/A)

cc: @jacobtomlinson for visibility

[bdice]

Do we guarantee group ordering in cudf to be sorted and/or stable? Might want to check how other cudf tests are handling this.

[ncclementi]

Good catch, I'll make sure to modify this. I forgot that Dataframe.equals existed. I'll update this

[bdice]

Do you know how users get into this scenario? Is there a specific common mistake during installation?

[ncclementi]

Yes, this usually happens when you are missing the cuda runtime. One common scenario is get a docker container like

docker run --gpus all -it nvidia/cuda:12.8.0-runtime-ubuntu24.04

and then in this scenario, at least in the past (this is an older snippet I have saved), this had an issue:

# Then, in the container...
apt update && apt install python3 python3-pip
pip install --break-system-packages cudf-cu12
python3

# Then, this will work
>>> import cudf
>>> cudf.Series([1, 2, 3])

### but this not
cudf.Series([1, 2, 3]).apply(lambda x: len(x))

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/dist-packages/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/cudadrv/nvvm.py", line 139, in __new__
    inst.driver = open_cudalib('nvvm')
                  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/dist-packages/numba_cuda/numba/cuda/cudadrv/libs.py", line 84, in open_cudalib
    return ctypes.CDLL(path)
           ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

  File "/usr/lib/python3.12/ctypes/__init__.py", line 379, in __init__
    self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode)
                   ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
OSError: libnvvm.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I'm not sure not sure if this will happen from now on, given cupy 14 and the pip wheels bringing all the ctk.

[bdice]

This should probably link to https://github.com/rapidsai/rapids-cli. I had to dig for a while to find that repo, couldn't find it by searching "rapids doctor."

[ncclementi]

I updated the the code according to the review and answer the question regarding _is_libnvvm_missing_error. I'm noticing a few errors in CI, I rebase against main a few times but I still see failures but they seem unrelated to this PR.