esm: populate separate cache for require(esm) in imported CJS

[joyeecheung]

Otherwise if the ESM happens to be cached separately by the ESM loader before it gets loaded with require(esm) from within an imported CJS file (which uses a re-invented require() with a couple of quirks, including a separate cache), it won't be able to load the esm properly from the cache.

Refs: #59666
Refs: #57327 (comment)
Refs: #52697

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/loaders
• @nodejs/vm

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 97.33333% with 4 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 89.90%. Comparing base (bcb802c) to head (ad5e7b9).
⚠️ Report is 15 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js	90.62%	3 Missing ⚠️
src/module_wrap.cc	80.00%	0 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #59679      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   89.91%   89.90%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         667      667              
  Lines      196600   196926     +326     
  Branches    38601    38658      +57     
==========================================
+ Hits       176780   177055     +275     
- Misses      12269    12310      +41     
- Partials     7551     7561      +10     

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
lib/internal/modules/cjs/loader.js	97.58% <100.00%> (-0.08%)	⬇️
lib/internal/modules/esm/loader.js	96.18% <100.00%> (+0.06%)	⬆️
src/module_wrap.cc	74.75% <80.00%> (-0.56%)	⬇️
lib/internal/modules/esm/translators.js	92.28% <90.62%> (-0.13%)	⬇️

... and 47 files with indirect coverage changes

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