Use CancellationToken in AsyncExecution

[JamieMagee]

This change refactors the timeout logic in AsyncExecution to use cancellation tokens. The changes modernize the way timeouts are handled for both asynchronous and void-returning methods, ensuring that timeouts trigger cancellation and throw a TimeoutException as expected.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR refactors the timeout logic in AsyncExecution to use cancellation tokens instead of the previous Task.Wait(timeout) approach. The changes introduce linked cancellation token sources that combine caller-provided cancellation with timeout-based cancellation, and distinguish between explicit cancellation and timeouts via exception filtering.

• Adds CancellationToken parameter with default value for better API ergonomics
• Uses CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource to chain timeout and caller cancellation
• Implements exception filtering to convert timeout-based OperationCanceledException to TimeoutException

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 90.90909% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 90.3%. Comparing base (9e9bcc6) to head (af86d53).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
...rosoft.ComponentDetection.Common/AsyncExecution.cs	90.9%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@          Coverage Diff          @@
##            main   #1531   +/-   ##
=====================================
  Coverage   90.3%   90.3%           
=====================================
  Files        418     418           
  Lines      35299   35301    +2     
  Branches    2188    2187    -1     
=====================================
+ Hits       31876   31879    +3     
- Misses      2980    2981    +1     
+ Partials     443     441    -2     

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[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

Copilot reviewed 1 out of 1 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

Copilot reviewed 1 out of 1 changed files in this pull request and generated 1 comment.