Introduce registry for caching and exposing TemplateNodeInfos

[Choraden]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

This change introduces a new component, TemplateNodeInfoRegistry, which wraps the existing TemplateNodeInfoProvider. It caches the computed template NodeInfos and exposes them via a thread-safe interface.
This registry is added to the AutoscalingContext, allowing processors (like the DRA processor) to access the cached templates instead of relying on the less reliable NodeGroup.TemplateNodeInfo().

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:

Fixes #8881
Fixes #8882

Special notes for your reviewer:

--

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?

NONE

Additional documentation e.g., KEPs (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposals), usage docs, etc.:

[linux-foundation-easycla]

The committers listed above are authorized under a signed CLA.

• ✅ login: Choraden / name: Hubert Grochowski (2093b96, ad96941)

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