Add adaptive pooling (1D, 2D, 3D) support across JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends #21820
Conversation
Summary of ChangesHello @MalyalaKarthik66, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed! This pull request enhances Keras 3 by adding adaptive average and max pooling layers for 2D spatial data. These new layers allow users to specify a target output size, with the pooling kernel and stride automatically adjusted, providing greater flexibility in network architectures, particularly for tasks requiring fixed-size feature maps regardless of input dimensions. The implementation prioritizes the JAX backend while ensuring seamless integration with other Keras backends. Highlights
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Code Review
This pull request introduces AdaptiveAveragePooling2D and AdaptiveMaxPooling2D layers, along with their corresponding backend operations. The changes include the layer definitions, JAX backend implementations, ops API, and comprehensive tests. The layer APIs and tests are well-designed. However, the JAX backend implementation has significant performance issues due to the use of Python loops, which are not JIT-compatible. There are also opportunities to improve code quality by removing dead code and reducing duplication. My review provides specific feedback on these points.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| for i in range(out_h): | ||
| for j in range(out_w): | ||
| # Calculate pooling region for this output position | ||
| start_h = jnp.floor((i * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_h = jnp.ceil(((i + 1) * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| start_w = jnp.floor((j * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_w = jnp.ceil(((j + 1) * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
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| # Extract region and apply average pooling | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| region = inputs[:, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w, :] | ||
| # Average over spatial dimensions (axis 1, 2) | ||
| pooled = jnp.mean(region, axis=(1, 2)) | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| region = inputs[:, :, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w] | ||
| # Average over spatial dimensions (axis 2, 3) | ||
| pooled = jnp.mean(region, axis=(2, 3)) | ||
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| result_list.append(pooled) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The current implementation of adaptive pooling uses Python for loops to iterate over output positions. This is an anti-pattern in JAX as it prevents JIT compilation and leads to very poor performance, especially for larger inputs or output sizes. The computation should be expressed using JAX's vectorized operations or JIT-compatible loops like lax.fori_loop to achieve good performance. A fully vectorized einsum-based approach for average pooling, or a lax.fori_loop over output pixels for both pooling types, would be significantly more performant. This comment also applies to the adaptive_max_pool implementation.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| def _adaptive_pool_start_index(output_idx, output_size, input_size): | ||
| """Calculate start index for adaptive pooling (PyTorch compatible).""" | ||
| return jnp.floor((output_idx * input_size) / output_size).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
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| def _adaptive_pool_end_index(output_idx, output_size, input_size): | ||
| """Calculate end index for adaptive pooling (PyTorch compatible).""" | ||
| return jnp.ceil(((output_idx + 1) * input_size) / output_size).astype( | ||
| jnp.int32 | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The helper functions _adaptive_pool_start_index and _adaptive_pool_end_index are defined but not used. This dead code should be removed to improve code clarity.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| def adaptive_avg_pool( | ||
| inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_last", name=None | ||
| ): | ||
| """ | ||
| Adaptive average pooling for JAX backend (PyTorch-compatible). | ||
| """ | ||
| # Convert output_size to tuple | ||
| spatial_dims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) * spatial_dims | ||
| else: | ||
| output_size = tuple(output_size) | ||
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| # Get spatial shape | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| batch_size = inputs.shape[0] | ||
| channels = inputs.shape[-1] | ||
| spatial_shape = inputs.shape[1:-1] | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| batch_size = inputs.shape[0] | ||
| channels = inputs.shape[1] | ||
| spatial_shape = inputs.shape[2:] | ||
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| if len(output_size) != 2: | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Only 2D adaptive pooling is currently supported" | ||
| ) | ||
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| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
| in_h, in_w = spatial_shape | ||
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| # Build output by iterating over output positions | ||
| result_list = [] | ||
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| for i in range(out_h): | ||
| for j in range(out_w): | ||
| # Calculate pooling region for this output position | ||
| start_h = jnp.floor((i * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_h = jnp.ceil(((i + 1) * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| start_w = jnp.floor((j * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_w = jnp.ceil(((j + 1) * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
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| # Extract region and apply average pooling | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| region = inputs[:, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w, :] | ||
| # Average over spatial dimensions (axis 1, 2) | ||
| pooled = jnp.mean(region, axis=(1, 2)) | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| region = inputs[:, :, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w] | ||
| # Average over spatial dimensions (axis 2, 3) | ||
| pooled = jnp.mean(region, axis=(2, 3)) | ||
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| result_list.append(pooled) | ||
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| # Stack results: (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.stack(result_list, axis=0) | ||
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| # Reshape and transpose to correct output shape | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| # (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) -> (batch, out_h, out_w, channels) | ||
| output = output.reshape(out_h, out_w, batch_size, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.transpose(output, (2, 0, 1, 3)) | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| # (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) -> (batch, channels, out_h, out_w) | ||
| output = output.reshape(out_h, out_w, batch_size, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.transpose(output, (2, 3, 0, 1)) | ||
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| return output | ||
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| def adaptive_max_pool( | ||
| inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_last", name=None | ||
| ): | ||
| """ | ||
| Adaptive max pooling for JAX backend (PyTorch-compatible). | ||
| """ | ||
| # Convert output_size to tuple | ||
| spatial_dims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) * spatial_dims | ||
| else: | ||
| output_size = tuple(output_size) | ||
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| # Get spatial shape | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| batch_size = inputs.shape[0] | ||
| channels = inputs.shape[-1] | ||
| spatial_shape = inputs.shape[1:-1] | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| batch_size = inputs.shape[0] | ||
| channels = inputs.shape[1] | ||
| spatial_shape = inputs.shape[2:] | ||
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| if len(output_size) != 2: | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Only 2D adaptive pooling is currently supported" | ||
| ) | ||
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| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
| in_h, in_w = spatial_shape | ||
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| # Build output by iterating over output positions | ||
| result_list = [] | ||
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| for i in range(out_h): | ||
| for j in range(out_w): | ||
| # Calculate pooling region for this output position | ||
| start_h = jnp.floor((i * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_h = jnp.ceil(((i + 1) * in_h) / out_h).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| start_w = jnp.floor((j * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
| end_w = jnp.ceil(((j + 1) * in_w) / out_w).astype(jnp.int32) | ||
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| # Extract region and apply max pooling | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| region = inputs[:, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w, :] | ||
| # Max over spatial dimensions (axis 1, 2) | ||
| pooled = jnp.max(region, axis=(1, 2)) | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| region = inputs[:, :, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w] | ||
| # Max over spatial dimensions (axis 2, 3) | ||
| pooled = jnp.max(region, axis=(2, 3)) | ||
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| result_list.append(pooled) | ||
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| # Stack results: (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.stack(result_list, axis=0) | ||
|
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| # Reshape and transpose to correct output shape | ||
| if data_format == "channels_last": | ||
| # (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) -> (batch, out_h, out_w, channels) | ||
| output = output.reshape(out_h, out_w, batch_size, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.transpose(output, (2, 0, 1, 3)) | ||
| else: # channels_first | ||
| # (out_h*out_w, batch, channels) -> (batch, channels, out_h, out_w) | ||
| output = output.reshape(out_h, out_w, batch_size, channels) | ||
| output = jnp.transpose(output, (2, 3, 0, 1)) | ||
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| return output |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The functions adaptive_avg_pool and adaptive_max_pool are nearly identical, with the only difference being the pooling operation (jnp.mean vs jnp.max). This code duplication can be avoided by creating a generic _adaptive_pool helper function that takes the pooling function as an argument. This would improve maintainability and reduce redundancy.
For example:
def _adaptive_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format, pool_op):
# ... common setup code ...
for i in range(out_h):
for j in range(out_w):
# ... common region calculation ...
if data_format == "channels_last":
region = inputs[:, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w, :]
pooled = pool_op(region, axis=(1, 2))
else: # channels_first
region = inputs[:, :, start_h:end_h, start_w:end_w]
pooled = pool_op(region, axis=(2, 3))
result_list.append(pooled)
# ... common reshape and transpose code ...
return output
def adaptive_avg_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_last", name=None):
# ...
return _adaptive_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format, jnp.mean)
def adaptive_max_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_last", name=None):
# ...
return _adaptive_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format, jnp.max)Note that this refactoring suggestion still contains the performance issue mentioned in another comment. The primary goal here is to illustrate how to reduce code duplication.
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MalyalaKarthik66
changed the title
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Code Review
This pull request adds adaptive pooling support for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends, which is a great addition. The implementation for JAX and TensorFlow uses a custom "Two-Pool Gather" algorithm, while the PyTorch implementation leverages native operations. The code is well-structured and includes corresponding unit tests.
My review focuses on improving maintainability by reducing code duplication in the backend implementations, ensuring user-facing elements like docstrings and error messages are clear and accurate, and maintaining code style consistency. I've provided several suggestions to address these points.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| n, l, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The variable names n, l, c, and out_l are quite short. According to the Keras API design guidelines, it's preferred to use fully spelled-out names to improve readability, with a few common exceptions like dim and num.1 Consider using more descriptive names like batch_size, length, channels, and output_length. This comment also applies to the other adaptive pooling functions in this file.
For example:
n, l, c = inputs.shape -> batch_size, length, channels = inputs.shape
out_l = output_size[0] -> output_length = output_size[0]
Style Guide References
Footnotes
-
The style guide recommends using fully spelled-out names for variables and arguments to improve clarity, e.g.,
attention_scoresinstead ofattn_scores. Short names are acceptable only for very common terms likedimornum. ↩
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| # ---------- 1D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 1D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 1)) # NCL -> NLC | ||
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| n, l, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] | ||
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| small_l, big_l = get_static_window_sizes(l, out_l) | ||
| gather_l = compute_static_gather_indices(l, out_l, big_l) | ||
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| small_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_l = small_pool_l / small_l | ||
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| big_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_l = big_pool_l / big_l | ||
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| combined_l = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_l, big_pool_l], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.take(combined_l, gather_l, axis=1) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.transpose(pooled_l, (0, 2, 1)) # NLC -> NCL | ||
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| return pooled_l | ||
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| def adaptive_max_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 1D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 1)) # NCL -> NLC | ||
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| n, l, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] | ||
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| small_l, big_l = get_static_window_sizes(l, out_l) | ||
| gather_l = compute_static_gather_indices(l, out_l, big_l) | ||
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| small_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, small_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
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| combined_l = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_l, big_pool_l], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.take(combined_l, gather_l, axis=1) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.transpose(pooled_l, (0, 2, 1)) # NLC -> NCL | ||
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| return pooled_l | ||
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| # ---------- 2D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 2D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 1)) # NCHW -> NHWC | ||
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| n, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
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| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
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| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
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| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_h = small_pool_h / small_h | ||
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| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = big_pool_h / big_h | ||
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| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=1) | ||
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| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_w = small_pool_w / small_w | ||
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| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = big_pool_w / big_w | ||
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| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=2) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 3, 1, 2)) # NHWC -> NCHW | ||
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| return pooled_w | ||
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| def adaptive_max_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 2D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 1)) # NCHW -> NHWC | ||
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| n, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
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| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
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| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
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| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
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| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=1) | ||
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| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
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| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=2) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 3, 1, 2)) # NHWC -> NCHW | ||
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| return pooled_w | ||
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| # ---------- 3D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 3D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size, output_size) | ||
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| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 4, 1)) # NCDHW -> NDHWC | ||
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| n, d, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_d, out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
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| small_d, big_d = get_static_window_sizes(d, out_d) | ||
| gather_d = compute_static_gather_indices(d, out_d, big_d) | ||
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| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
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| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
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| small_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_d = small_pool_d / small_d | ||
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| big_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_d = big_pool_d / big_d | ||
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| combined_d = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_d, big_pool_d], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_d = jnp.take(combined_d, gather_d, axis=1) | ||
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| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_h = small_pool_h / small_h | ||
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| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = big_pool_h / big_h | ||
|
|
||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=2) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_w = small_pool_w / small_w | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = big_pool_w / big_w | ||
|
|
||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=3) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=3) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 4, 1, 2, 3)) # NDHWC -> NCDHW | ||
|
|
||
| return pooled_w | ||
|
|
||
|
|
||
| def adaptive_max_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 3D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size, output_size) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 4, 1)) # NCDHW -> NDHWC | ||
|
|
||
| n, d, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_d, out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
|
|
||
| small_d, big_d = get_static_window_sizes(d, out_d) | ||
| gather_d = compute_static_gather_indices(d, out_d, big_d) | ||
|
|
||
| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
|
|
||
| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, small_d, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_d = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_d, big_pool_d], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_d = jnp.take(combined_d, gather_d, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, small_h, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, big_h, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=2) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, 1, small_w, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, 1, big_w, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=3) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=3) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 4, 1, 2, 3)) # NDHWC -> NCDHW | ||
|
|
||
| return pooled_w | ||
|
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||
|
|
||
| # ---------- Dispatcher ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Dispatcher for adaptive average pooling (1D, 2D, or 3D).""" | ||
| ndims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if ndims == 1: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 2: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 3: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| else: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "adaptive_avg_pool supports 1D, 2D, or 3D inputs only." | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
|
|
||
| def adaptive_max_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Dispatcher for adaptive max pooling (1D, 2D, or 3D).""" | ||
| ndims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if ndims == 1: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 2: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 3: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| else: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "adaptive_max_pool supports 1D, 2D, or 3D inputs only." | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The implementations for adaptive_avg_pool{1,2,3}d and adaptive_max_pool{1,2,3}d are very similar, leading to significant code duplication. To improve maintainability, consider refactoring this code.
Here are a couple of suggestions:
- Create a helper function for each dimension (e.g.,
_adaptive_pool1d) that takes the pooling type ('avg'or'max') as an argument. This would halve the number of functions. - A more advanced refactoring would be to create a single generic n-dimensional pooling function that iterates over the spatial dimensions. This would further consolidate the logic for 1D, 2D, and 3D pooling into one place.
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
Outdated
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The error message is missing TensorFlow as a supported backend for adaptive pooling. Please update the message to include it for accuracy.
| raise NotImplementedError( | |
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | |
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." | |
| ) | |
| raise NotImplementedError( | |
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | |
| "Use JAX, TensorFlow, or Torch backend." | |
| ) |
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
Outdated
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The error message is missing TensorFlow as a supported backend for adaptive pooling. Please update the message to include it for accuracy.
| raise NotImplementedError( | |
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | |
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." | |
| ) | |
| raise NotImplementedError( | |
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | |
| "Use JAX, TensorFlow, or Torch backend." | |
| ) |
| static_shape = inputs.shape.as_list() | ||
| l_static = static_shape[1] | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The variable names l_static and out_l are quite short. According to the Keras API design guidelines, it's preferred to use fully spelled-out names to improve readability.1 Consider using more descriptive names like static_length and output_length. This comment also applies to the other adaptive pooling functions in this file.
For example:
l_static = static_shape[1] -> static_length = static_shape[1]
out_l = output_size[0] -> output_length = output_size[0]
Style Guide References
Footnotes
-
The style guide recommends using fully spelled-out names for variables and arguments to improve clarity, e.g.,
attention_scoresinstead ofattn_scores. Short names are acceptable only for very common terms likedimornum. ↩
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received output_size={} of type {}".format( | ||
| output_size, type(output_size) | ||
| ) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new files in this PR, please use an f-string for this error message.
raise TypeError(
f"`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. "
f"Received: output_size={output_size} of type "
f"{type(output_size)}"
)| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer. Received output_size={} " | ||
| "of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) | ||
| self.output_size = output_size | ||
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | ||
|
|
||
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "Invalid data_format: {}. Must be either 'channels_first' " | ||
| "or 'channels_last'.".format(self.data_format) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new files in this PR, please use f-strings for these error messages instead of .format().
| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer. Received output_size={} " | |
| "of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | |
| ) | |
| self.output_size = output_size | |
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | |
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| "Invalid data_format: {}. Must be either 'channels_first' " | |
| "or 'channels_last'.".format(self.data_format) | |
| ) | |
| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| f"`output_size` must be an integer. Received: output_size={output_size} " | |
| f"of type {type(output_size)}" | |
| ) | |
| self.output_size = output_size | |
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | |
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| f"Invalid data_format: {self.data_format}. Must be either 'channels_first' " | |
| f"or 'channels_last'." | |
| ) |
| if len(output_size) != 3: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received: {}".format(output_size) | ||
| ) | ||
| self.output_size = tuple(output_size) | ||
| else: | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received: {} of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | ||
|
|
||
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "Invalid data_format: {}. Must be either 'channels_first' or " | ||
| "'channels_last'.".format(self.data_format) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new files in this PR, please use f-strings for these error messages instead of .format().
| if len(output_size) != 3: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| "Received: {}".format(output_size) | |
| ) | |
| self.output_size = tuple(output_size) | |
| else: | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| "Received: {} of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | |
| ) | |
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | |
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| "Invalid data_format: {}. Must be either 'channels_first' or " | |
| "'channels_last'.".format(self.data_format) | |
| ) | |
| if len(output_size) != 3: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| f"`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| f"Received: {output_size}" | |
| ) | |
| self.output_size = tuple(output_size) | |
| else: | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| f"`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| f"Received: output_size={output_size} of type {type(output_size)}" | |
| ) | |
| self.data_format = data_format or config.image_data_format() | |
| if self.data_format not in {"channels_first", "channels_last"}: | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| f"Invalid data_format: {self.data_format}. Must be either 'channels_first' or " | |
| f"'channels_last'." | |
| ) |
| """Adaptive max pooling operation. | ||
| Applies an adaptive max pooling operation that automatically computes the | ||
| kernel size and stride to pool the input to the specified `output_size`. | ||
| This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of | ||
| input size, commonly used in models like ResNet for global feature | ||
| extraction. | ||
| Args: | ||
| inputs: Tensor of rank 4. Input tensor of shape: | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_last"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, height, width, channels)`. | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_first"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, channels, height, width)`. | ||
| output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the target | ||
| output spatial dimensions `(output_height, output_width)`. If a | ||
| single | ||
| integer is provided, the same value is used for both dimensions. | ||
| data_format: string, either `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`. | ||
| Defaults to the value found in your Keras config file at | ||
| `~/.keras/keras.json`. If never set, defaults to `"channels_last"`. | ||
| Returns: | ||
| A tensor of rank 4 representing the adaptive max pooled result. | ||
| Example: | ||
| >>> x = np.random.rand(2, 64, 64, 3) | ||
| >>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_max_pool(x, output_size=(32, 32)) | ||
| >>> y.shape | ||
| (2, 32, 32, 3) | ||
| >>> # Works with any input size | ||
| >>> x = np.random.rand(2, 100, 80, 3) | ||
| >>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_max_pool(x, output_size=7) | ||
| >>> y.shape | ||
| (2, 7, 7, 3) | ||
| """ |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The docstring describes the 2D case, but this function is a dispatcher for 1D, 2D, and 3D pooling. Please update the docstring to be more general and include examples for other dimensions to avoid confusion for users.1
"""Adaptive max pooling operation for 1D, 2D, and 3D data.
This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of
input size.
Args:
inputs: Input tensor. Must be 3D, 4D, or 5D.
output_size: An integer or a tuple of integers, specifying the output
spatial dimensions.
data_format: string, either `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
Defaults to the value found in your Keras config file at
`~/.keras/keras.json`. If never set, defaults to `"channels_last"`.
Returns:
A tensor representing the adaptive max pooled result.
Example:
**2D Example**
>>> x = np.random.rand(2, 64, 64, 3)
>>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_max_pool(x, output_size=(32, 32))
>>> y.shape
(2, 32, 32, 3)
**3D Example**
>>> x = np.random.rand(2, 32, 32, 32, 3)
>>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_max_pool(x, output_size=(16, 16, 16))
>>> y.shape
(2, 16, 16, 16, 3)
"""Style Guide References
Footnotes
-
Docstrings should be comprehensive and show examples for common use cases and key features to guide the user effectively. ↩
| """Adaptive average pooling operation. | ||
| Applies an adaptive average pooling operation that automatically | ||
| computes the | ||
| kernel size and stride to pool the input to the specified `output_size`. | ||
| This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of | ||
| input size, commonly used in models like ResNet for global feature | ||
| extraction. | ||
| Args: | ||
| inputs: Tensor of rank 4. Input tensor of shape: | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_last"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, height, width, channels)`. | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_first"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, channels, height, width)`. | ||
| output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the target | ||
| output spatial dimensions `(output_height, output_width)`. If a | ||
| single | ||
| integer is provided, the same value is used for both dimensions. | ||
| data_format: string, either `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`. | ||
| Defaults to the value found in your Keras config file at | ||
| `~/.keras/keras.json`. If never set, defaults to `"channels_last"`. | ||
| Returns: | ||
| A tensor of rank 4 representing the adaptive average pooled result. | ||
| Example: | ||
| >>> x = np.random.rand(2, 64, 64, 3) | ||
| >>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_avg_pool(x, output_size=(32, 32)) | ||
| >>> y.shape | ||
| (2, 32, 32, 3) | ||
| >>> # Works with any input size | ||
| >>> x = np.random.rand(2, 100, 80, 3) | ||
| >>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_avg_pool(x, output_size=7) | ||
| >>> y.shape | ||
| (2, 7, 7, 3) | ||
| """ |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The docstring describes the 2D case, but this function is a dispatcher for 1D, 2D, and 3D pooling. Please update the docstring to be more general and include examples for other dimensions to avoid confusion for users.1
"""Adaptive average pooling operation for 1D, 2D, and 3D data.
This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of
input size.
Args:
inputs: Input tensor. Must be 3D, 4D, or 5D.
output_size: An integer or a tuple of integers, specifying the output
spatial dimensions.
data_format: string, either `"channels_last"` or `"channels_first"`.
Defaults to the value found in your Keras config file at
`~/.keras/keras.json`. If never set, defaults to `"channels_last"`.
Returns:
A tensor representing the adaptive average pooled result.
Example:
**2D Example**
>>> x = np.random.rand(2, 64, 64, 3)
>>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_avg_pool(x, output_size=(32, 32))
>>> y.shape
(2, 32, 32, 3)
**3D Example**
>>> x = np.random.rand(2, 32, 32, 32, 3)
>>> y = keras.ops.adaptive_avg_pool(x, output_size=(16, 16, 16))
>>> y.shape
(2, 16, 16, 16, 3)
"""Style Guide References
Footnotes
-
Docstrings should be comprehensive and show examples for common use cases and key features to guide the user effectively. ↩
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Code Review
This pull request introduces adaptive pooling (1D, 2D, and 3D) for JAX, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends, along with the corresponding Keras layers and tests. The implementation for PyTorch leverages native operations, while for JAX and TensorFlow, a custom "Two-Pool Gather" algorithm is used. The changes are comprehensive and well-tested. My main feedback is to refactor the JAX and TensorFlow implementations to reduce significant code duplication, which will improve maintainability. I've also noted some minor issues with error messages and docstrings.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
Outdated
| def adaptive_avg_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 1D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 1)) # NCL -> NLC | ||
|
|
||
| n, l, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] | ||
|
|
||
| small_l, big_l = get_static_window_sizes(l, out_l) | ||
| gather_l = compute_static_gather_indices(l, out_l, big_l) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_l = small_pool_l / small_l | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_l = big_pool_l / big_l | ||
|
|
||
| combined_l = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_l, big_pool_l], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.take(combined_l, gather_l, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.transpose(pooled_l, (0, 2, 1)) # NLC -> NCL | ||
|
|
||
| return pooled_l | ||
|
|
||
|
|
||
| def adaptive_max_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 1D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size,) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 1)) # NCL -> NLC | ||
|
|
||
| n, l, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_l = output_size[0] | ||
|
|
||
| small_l, big_l = get_static_window_sizes(l, out_l) | ||
| gather_l = compute_static_gather_indices(l, out_l, big_l) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, small_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_l = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_l, 1), (1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_l = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_l, big_pool_l], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.take(combined_l, gather_l, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_l = jnp.transpose(pooled_l, (0, 2, 1)) # NLC -> NCL | ||
|
|
||
| return pooled_l | ||
|
|
||
|
|
||
| # ---------- 2D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 2D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 1)) # NCHW -> NHWC | ||
|
|
||
| n, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
|
|
||
| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
|
|
||
| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_h = small_pool_h / small_h | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = big_pool_h / big_h | ||
|
|
||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_w = small_pool_w / small_w | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = big_pool_w / big_w | ||
|
|
||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=2) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 3, 1, 2)) # NHWC -> NCHW | ||
|
|
||
| return pooled_w | ||
|
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||
|
|
||
| def adaptive_max_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 2D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 1)) # NCHW -> NHWC | ||
|
|
||
| n, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
|
|
||
| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
|
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||
| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=2) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 3, 1, 2)) # NHWC -> NCHW | ||
|
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| return pooled_w | ||
|
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|
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||
| # ---------- 3D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Average Pooling 3D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size, output_size) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 4, 1)) # NCDHW -> NDHWC | ||
|
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||
| n, d, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_d, out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
|
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| small_d, big_d = get_static_window_sizes(d, out_d) | ||
| gather_d = compute_static_gather_indices(d, out_d, big_d) | ||
|
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||
| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
|
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| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
|
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||
| small_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, small_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_d = small_pool_d / small_d | ||
|
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||
| big_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, 0.0, lax.add, (1, big_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_d = big_pool_d / big_d | ||
|
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||
| combined_d = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_d, big_pool_d], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_d = jnp.take(combined_d, gather_d, axis=1) | ||
|
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||
| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, small_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_h = small_pool_h / small_h | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, big_h, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = big_pool_h / big_h | ||
|
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||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=2) | ||
|
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||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, 1, small_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| small_pool_w = small_pool_w / small_w | ||
|
|
||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, 0.0, lax.add, (1, 1, 1, big_w, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = big_pool_w / big_w | ||
|
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||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=3) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=3) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 4, 1, 2, 3)) # NDHWC -> NCDHW | ||
|
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| return pooled_w | ||
|
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|
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| def adaptive_max_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Adaptive Max Pooling 3D using Two-Pool Gather method.""" | ||
| if isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| output_size = (output_size, output_size, output_size) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| inputs = jnp.transpose(inputs, (0, 2, 3, 4, 1)) # NCDHW -> NDHWC | ||
|
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||
| n, d, h, w, c = inputs.shape | ||
| out_d, out_h, out_w = output_size | ||
|
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| small_d, big_d = get_static_window_sizes(d, out_d) | ||
| gather_d = compute_static_gather_indices(d, out_d, big_d) | ||
|
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||
| small_h, big_h = get_static_window_sizes(h, out_h) | ||
| gather_h = compute_static_gather_indices(h, out_h, big_h) | ||
|
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||
| small_w, big_w = get_static_window_sizes(w, out_w) | ||
| gather_w = compute_static_gather_indices(w, out_w, big_w) | ||
|
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||
| small_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, small_d, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_d = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| inputs, -jnp.inf, lax.max, (1, big_d, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), "valid" | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_d = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_d, big_pool_d], axis=1) | ||
| pooled_d = jnp.take(combined_d, gather_d, axis=1) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, small_h, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_h = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_d, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, big_h, 1, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_h = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_h, big_pool_h], axis=2) | ||
| pooled_h = jnp.take(combined_h, gather_h, axis=2) | ||
|
|
||
| small_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, 1, small_w, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
| big_pool_w = lax.reduce_window( | ||
| pooled_h, | ||
| -jnp.inf, | ||
| lax.max, | ||
| (1, 1, 1, big_w, 1), | ||
| (1, 1, 1, 1, 1), | ||
| "valid", | ||
| ) | ||
|
|
||
| combined_w = jnp.concatenate([small_pool_w, big_pool_w], axis=3) | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.take(combined_w, gather_w, axis=3) | ||
|
|
||
| if data_format == "channels_first": | ||
| pooled_w = jnp.transpose(pooled_w, (0, 4, 1, 2, 3)) # NDHWC -> NCDHW | ||
|
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| return pooled_w | ||
|
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| # ---------- Dispatcher ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Dispatcher for adaptive average pooling (1D, 2D, or 3D).""" | ||
| ndims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if ndims == 1: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 2: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 3: | ||
| return adaptive_avg_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| else: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "adaptive_avg_pool supports 1D, 2D, or 3D inputs only." | ||
| ) | ||
|
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| def adaptive_max_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): | ||
| """Dispatcher for adaptive max pooling (1D, 2D, or 3D).""" | ||
| ndims = inputs.ndim - 2 | ||
| if ndims == 1: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 2: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool2d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| elif ndims == 3: | ||
| return adaptive_max_pool3d(inputs, output_size, data_format) | ||
| else: | ||
| raise ValueError( | ||
| "adaptive_max_pool supports 1D, 2D, or 3D inputs only." | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The implementations for 1D, 2D, and 3D adaptive pooling for both avg and max operations contain a significant amount of duplicated code. This makes the code harder to read and maintain.
Consider refactoring this by creating a generalized helper function. This function could handle the pooling logic for a single dimension and could be parameterized for average vs. max pooling.
For example, you could have a helper:
_adaptive_pool_1d_single_dim(inputs, axis, output_dim, reduce_fn, init_val, normalize=False)
Then, the 2D and 3D functions can be implemented by composing this helper function for each spatial dimension. This would greatly reduce code duplication and improve maintainability.
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
Outdated
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The error message should be updated to include TensorFlow as a supported backend for adaptive pooling.
"Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. "
"Use JAX, TensorFlow or Torch backend."
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
Outdated
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The error message should be updated to include TensorFlow as a supported backend for adaptive pooling.
"Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. "
"Use JAX, TensorFlow or Torch backend."| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received output_size={} of type {}".format( | ||
| output_size, type(output_size) | ||
| ) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new layer files in this PR, please use an f-string for this error message.
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| "Received output_size={} of type {}".format( | |
| output_size, type(output_size) | |
| ) | |
| ) | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| f"Received: output_size={output_size} of type " | |
| f"{type(output_size)}" | |
| ) | |
| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer. Received output_size={} " | ||
| "of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new layer files in this PR, please use an f-string for this error message.
raise TypeError(
f"`output_size` must be an integer. Received: output_size={output_size} "
f"of type {type(output_size)}"
)| raise ValueError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received: {}".format(output_size) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency, please use an f-string for this error message. Also, consider raising a TypeError instead of a ValueError here, as the check is on the length of the output_size tuple, which relates to its structure/type in this context.
| raise ValueError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| "Received: {}".format(output_size) | |
| ) | |
| raise ValueError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| f"Received: output_size={output_size}" | |
| ) | |
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received: {} of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
For consistency with other new layer files in this PR, please use an f-string for this error message.
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| "Received: {} of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | |
| ) | |
| raise TypeError( | |
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | |
| f"Received: output_size={output_size} of type {type(output_size)}" | |
| ) | |
| """Adaptive max pooling operation. | ||
| Applies an adaptive max pooling operation that automatically computes the | ||
| kernel size and stride to pool the input to the specified `output_size`. | ||
| This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of | ||
| input size, commonly used in models like ResNet for global feature | ||
| extraction. | ||
| Args: | ||
| inputs: Tensor of rank 4. Input tensor of shape: | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_last"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, height, width, channels)`. | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_first"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, channels, height, width)`. | ||
| output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the target | ||
| output spatial dimensions `(output_height, output_width)`. If a | ||
| single | ||
| integer is provided, the same value is used for both dimensions. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The docstring for adaptive_max_pool is not entirely accurate. It states that the input is a 'Tensor of rank 4' and output_size is for 2D inputs. However, this function supports 1D, 2D, and 3D inputs (ranks 3, 4, and 5). Please update the docstring to reflect this, for example:
Args:
inputs: Tensor of rank 3, 4, or 5.
output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 1, 2, or 3 integers, specifying
the target output spatial dimensions. If a single integer is
provided, the same value is used for all spatial dimensions.| """Adaptive average pooling operation. | ||
| Applies an adaptive average pooling operation that automatically | ||
| computes the | ||
| kernel size and stride to pool the input to the specified `output_size`. | ||
| This operation is useful when you want a fixed output size regardless of | ||
| input size, commonly used in models like ResNet for global feature | ||
| extraction. | ||
| Args: | ||
| inputs: Tensor of rank 4. Input tensor of shape: | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_last"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, height, width, channels)`. | ||
| - If `data_format="channels_first"`: | ||
| `(batch_size, channels, height, width)`. | ||
| output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 2 integers, specifying the target | ||
| output spatial dimensions `(output_height, output_width)`. If a | ||
| single | ||
| integer is provided, the same value is used for both dimensions. |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
The docstring for adaptive_avg_pool is not entirely accurate. It states that the input is a 'Tensor of rank 4' and output_size is for 2D inputs. However, this function supports 1D, 2D, and 3D inputs (ranks 3, 4, and 5). Please update the docstring to reflect this, for example:
Args:
inputs: Tensor of rank 3, 4, or 5.
output_size: Integer or tuple/list of 1, 2, or 3 integers, specifying
the target output spatial dimensions. If a single integer is
provided, the same value is used for all spatial dimensions.
hertschuh
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hertschuh
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Thanks a lot for this PR! I can see that a lot of work went into this.
Please run ./shell/api_gen.sh to generate the __init__.py files.
Or more generally, use pre-commit hooks: https://github.com/keras-team/keras/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#generating-public-api-and-formatting-the-code
keras/src/backend/jax/__init__.py
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| from keras.src.backend.jax.nn import adaptive_avg_pool | ||
| from keras.src.backend.jax.nn import adaptive_max_pool |
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
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| def get_static_window_sizes(input_dim, output_dim): | ||
| """Calculate small and big window sizes for adaptive pooling.""" | ||
| small_window = math.ceil(input_dim / output_dim) | ||
| big_window = small_window + 1 | ||
| return small_window, big_window |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Some version of this is done in each backend. Can we share the code between backends? It can go in keras/src/ops/operation_utils.py, you should name it something more specific like compute_adaptive_pooling_window_sizes.
There was a problem hiding this comment.
@hertschuh
I initially moved this into ops/operation_utils, but that introduced a circular import since ops/__init__.py imports backend symbols at the top level. Would it be OK if I moved the utility into backend/common/backend_utils.py and import it from the backends instead?
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
Outdated
| return small_window, big_window | ||
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| def compute_static_gather_indices(input_dim, output_size, big_window): |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Rename _compute_static_gather_indices to distinguish this from other ops.
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
Outdated
| return gather_indices.astype(jnp.int32) | ||
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| # ---------- 1D Adaptive Pooling ---------- |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Remove those # ---------- comments to stay consistent with the style (same for all the other ones)
keras/src/backend/jax/nn.py
Outdated
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| # ---------- 1D Adaptive Pooling ---------- | ||
| def adaptive_avg_pool1d(inputs, output_size, data_format="channels_first"): |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Rename _adaptive_avg_pool1d since it's not a real op, to make it obvious it is not directly an op implementation (same for the other ones in this file and the other ones in the other backends).
keras/src/backend/numpy/nn.py
Outdated
| def adaptive_max_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format=None): | ||
| """Adaptive max pooling - Numpy backend not yet supported.""" | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for Numpy. " | ||
| "Use JAX, Torch or Tensorflow backend." | ||
| ) | ||
|
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| def adaptive_avg_pool(inputs, output_size, data_format=None): | ||
| """Adaptive average pooling - Numpy backend not yet supported.""" | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for Numpy. " | ||
| "Use JAX, Torch or Tensorflow backend." | ||
| ) |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Is there any way we can have a NumPy implementation?
If not, can we plug the JAX implementation? (like we did for convolutions).
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| @keras_export("keras.layers.AdaptiveAveragePooling3D") | ||
| class AdaptiveAveragePooling3D(Layer): |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
It would be beneficial to have a super class BaseAdaptiveAveragePooling. Most of the code is shared between 1d/2d/3d. Look at convolutions to see the pattern.
But basically:
callwould be in the super class onlyget_configwould be in the super class onlycompute_output_shapecould probably be generalized to be moved to the super class__init__would be both in the super class and sub-classes. The super class__init__would takeoutput_sizeand set it as a field and would takedata_format, validate it and set it as a field. The sub class__init__would validateoutput_sizeand normalize it to a tuple before passing it tosuper().__init__.
Same for AdaptiveMaxPooling and AdaptivePooling.
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer or tuple of 3 integers. " | ||
| "Received output_size={} of type {}".format( | ||
| output_size, type(output_size) | ||
| ) | ||
| ) |
| import numpy as np | ||
| import pytest | ||
|
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||
| from keras.src import backend as K |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Just do keras.src import backend and then use backend.foo.
We no longer use K.
| try: | ||
| import torch | ||
|
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||
| TORCH_AVAILABLE = True | ||
| except ImportError: | ||
| TORCH_AVAILABLE = False |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
This is not great because JAX GPU/TPU tests and TF GPU tests don't install Torch on purpose, so the testing would only be done on CPU.
Can we instead hardcode some small input tensors and expected outputs?
|
@hertschuh |
|
@hertschuh I initially moved Please let me know if anything else needs to be adjusted — happy to update further. |
hertschuh
left a comment
hertschuh
left a comment
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Thanks! This is really close.
A couple comments that impact several files:
rename avg -> average (e.g. adaptive_average_pool). While there is a precedent for shortening "maximum" to "max", there isn't for "average" (e.g. the current average_pool op).
In each one of the nn.py files, can you reorder things like this for consistency:
- existing
max_poolop - existing
average_poolop _compute_adaptive_pooling_gather_indices- other private functions 1d / 2d / 3d
adaptive_average_pooladaptive_max_pool- other ops
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
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| """Adaptive max pooling - OpenVINO backend not yet supported.""" | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." |
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Remove that part, just keep the part that says it's not implemented on OpenVino
keras/src/backend/openvino/nn.py
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| """Adaptive average pooling - OpenVINO backend not yet supported.""" | ||
| raise NotImplementedError( | ||
| "Adaptive pooling not implemented for OpenVINO. " | ||
| "Use JAX or Torch backend." |
keras/src/backend/tensorflow/nn.py
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| return outputs | ||
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| def compute_static_gather_indices( |
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Rename _compute_static_gather_indices like the other ones.
| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer. Received output_size={} " | ||
| "of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) |
keras/src/ops/nn.py
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| """ | ||
| if data_format is None: | ||
| data_format = config.image_data_format() | ||
| return backend.nn.adaptive_avg_pool( |
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You'll need a class called AdaptiveAveragePool. Look at AveragePool above for an example.
Then here, add:
if any_symbolic_tensors((inputs,)):
return AdaptiveAveragePool(output_size, data_format).symbolic_call(inputs)| """ | ||
| if data_format is None: | ||
| data_format = config.image_data_format() | ||
| return backend.nn.adaptive_max_pool( |
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You'll need a class called AdaptiveMaxPool. Look at AveragePool below for an example.
Then here, add:
if any_symbolic_tensors((inputs,)):
return AdaptiveMaxPool(output_size, data_format).symbolic_call(inputs)| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| f"`output_size` must be an integer. " | ||
| f"Received: {output_size} of type {type(output_size)}" | ||
| ) |
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For consistency, also allow a tuple of size 1 and mention it in the error message.
| if not isinstance(output_size, int): | ||
| raise TypeError( | ||
| "`output_size` must be an integer. Received output_size={} " | ||
| "of type {}".format(output_size, type(output_size)) | ||
| ) |
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For consistency, also allow a tuple of size 1 and mention it in the error message.
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@hertschuh |
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Great! This is ready to go except:
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MalyalaKarthik66
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…X, NumPy, PyTorch, and TensorFlow backends
MalyalaKarthik66
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@hertschuh |
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Can you run |
@hertschuh it keeps failing with the following error: |
4 participants
fix #21813
Add adaptive pooling support across major backends
This PR implements adaptive average and max pooling for 1D, 2D, and 3D across the JAX, NumPy, TensorFlow, and PyTorch backends.
For PyTorch, native adaptive pooling ops are used.
For JAX and TensorFlow, adaptive pooling is implemented using an efficient n-dimensional two-pool gather algorithm, eliminating multiple for-loops and providing robust performance on CPU, GPU, and TPU.
For NumPy, adaptive pooling is implemented using the same n-dimensional two-pool gather algorithm with NumPy stride tricks, providing an efficient pure-NumPy implementation for CPU.
All corresponding unit tests for JAX, NumPy, TensorFlow, and PyTorch adaptive pooling pass successfully.
Verified in real training model tests — both TensorFlow and PyTorch pass on GPU and CPU environments.