• all the variables in rust have types and can be inferred by the compiler
• i32 is a 32 bit integer
• i depicts signed integer
• boolean type is bool
• it has two values true and false
• println!("Hello, world!");
• string are very complicated in rust
• let greeting=String::from("Hello World");
• println!("{}",greeting);
• let char0=greeting.chars().nth(0);
• option type is used to handle null values
• we have to unwrap the option type to get the value
• println!("{}",char0.unwrap());
• print!("{}",greeting.chars().nth(0));
• conditional loops

   let x=10;
    if x>=10{
        println!("x is greater than 10 or equal to 10");
    }
    else{
        println!("x is less than 10");
    }
    //looping in rust
    for i in 0..10{
        println!("{}",i);
    }

Mutability

• ALL VARIABLES IN RUST ARE IMMUTABLE BY DEFAULT
• Mutable variables are created using the mut keyword

Memory Management

• Rust Uses both stack and heap memory
• Stack memory is used for static memory allocation
• stack memory is faster than heap memory
• It is used for primitive data types
• Heap memory is used for dynamic memory allocation
• It is used for storing data of unknown size at compile time
• Heap memory is slower than stack memory

Ownership

• when a variable goes out of scope it is deallocated
• Rust has a concept of ownership
• Ownership is a way of managing memory in rust
• Ownership rules
• Each value in rust has a variable that is called its owner
• There can only be one owner at a time
• When the owner goes out of scope the value will be deallocated

fn main(){
    let mut s=String::from("Hello");
    let s2=s1;
    //here s1 is moved to s2
}

Borrowing

• Borrowing is a way to pass a reference
• Can have multiple Borrowers
• Mutable references are not allowed to have multiple borrowers

Structs

• Structs are used to create custom data types
• Structs are used to create complex data types
• Objects are created using structs
• Structs can be implemented using the impl keyword

Enums

• Enums are used to create custom data types
• Enums are used to create complex data types
• Enums can have multiple variants