Introduce the ADValue class for templated traceless forward mode

This was initially developed within the Dune module
dune-fufem (https://gitlab.dune-project.org/fufem/dune-fufem).

The class `adolc::ADValue<T, maxOrder,dim>` implementes a traceless
forward mode templated with respect to the underlying type `T`,
the maximal tracked derivative order `maxOrder` and the domain
dimension `dim`. Currently only `maxOrder<=2` is implemented.

Using the special value `dynamicDim` allows to use a runtime dimension.
In the latter case the default is to use `std::vector` as storage.
If support for `boost::pool` is activated, this is used instead.

Notable differences to `adtl::adouble` are:

* Being able to use other types that `T=double` e.g. allows for
  low/high precision or interval arithmetics.
* Support for second order derivatives. The interface is also
  flexible for later implementation of higher order.
* Fixing the dimension at compile time allows the compiler to
  do better optimization and generate faster code. Furthermore
  this guarantees thread-safety (x) by construction and allows
  to use different dimensions at the same time within a single
  program.
* In the dynamic dimension case, the dimension is set per variable,
  which allows to have different dimensions at the same time. This
  is implemented by using one `boost:pool`s per dimension instead
  of a single one for a globally fixed dimension. This also avoids
  the memory leaks of `adtl::adouble` when changing the global
  dimension. Since the pools are `thread_local` instead of global,
  this again provides thread-safety (X).

The last point could probably also be implemented for `adtl::adouble`.

(x) "Thread-safety" hear does _not_ mean that concurrent access
to a single `ADValue` object is safe. Instead if means that concurrent
accesss to different objects in different threads is safe and not
prone to race-conditions due to internally used global variables.

Author: cgraeser

ADOL-C/include/adolc/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ install(FILES
         adtl_indo.h
         adutilsc.h
         adutils.h
+        advalue.h
         advector.h
         checkpointing.h
         convolut.h