Add WinGet installation instructions for Arduino CLI

[tanakamasayuki]

Added installation instructions for Arduino CLI using WinGet on Windows.

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• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
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• configuration.schema.json updated if new parameters are added.

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

docs update.

Other information

arduino-cli version
winget install ArduinoSA.CLI
arduino-cli version

I tested the above command on Windows 11.
In PowerShell, the path will not be reflected unless you start a new shell.

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[per1234]

Thanks for taking the time to submit a pull request @tanakamasayuki.

We only list the installation methods that are officially maintained by the Arduino company. The Windows Package Manager package was created by a 3rd party without any involvement from us.

Because we do not maintain the package, we can not guarantee that it will be up to date. It is entirely up to the community to add new versions, and it is common for the community to not manage to keep packages up to date. And in fact this is exactly what has already happened. The latest version available from the Windows Package Manager is 1.2.2. We have made two additional releases which contain important enhancements and fixes since that time. So the use of winget to install Arduino CLI is actually harmful at this time.

For this reason, we are not able to accept your proposal for addition of this installation option to the official documentation.