Initial pass at increasing font sizes

[huntertur]

Addresses part of #1531.

Completely open to feedback on the chosen font sizes. I also tried to 'standardize' font sizes that are used several times by defining them in _theme.scss

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 63.13%. Comparing base (9b3312d) to head (dbc6828).

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #1532   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   63.13%   63.13%           
=======================================
  Files          95       95           
  Lines        9253     9253           
  Branches     1656     1656           
=======================================
  Hits         5842     5842           
  Misses       2925     2925           
  Partials      486      486           

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