GH Actions: "pin" all action runners

[jrfnl]

GH Actions: "pin" all action runners

Recently there has been more and more focus on securing GH Actions workflows - in part due to some incidents.

The problem with "unpinned" action runners is as follows:

• Tags are mutable, which means that a tag could point to a safe commit today, but to a malicious commit tomorrow.
  Note that GitHub is currently beta-testing a new "immutable releases" feature (= tags and release artifacts can not be changed anymore once the release is published), but whether that has much effect depends on the ecosystem of the packages using the feature.
  Aside from that, it will likely take years before all projects adopt immutable releases.
• Action runners often don't even point to a tag, but to a branch, making the used action runner a moving target.
  Note: this type of "floating major" for action runners used to be promoted as good practice when the ecosystem was "young". Insights have since changed.

While it is convenient to use "floating majors" of action runners, as this means you only need to update the workflows on a new major release of the action runner, the price is higher risk of malicious code being executed in workflows.

Dependabot, by now, can automatically submit PRs to update pinned action runners too, as long as the commit-hash pinned runner is followed by a comment listing the released version the commit is pointing to.

So, what with Dependabot being capable of updating workflows with pinned action runners, I believe it is time to update the workflows to the current best practice of using commit-hash pinned action runners.

The downside of this change is that there will be more frequent Dependabot PRs.

If this would become a burden/irritating, the following mitigations can be implemented:

1. Updating the Dependabot config to group updates instead of sending individual PRs per action runner.
2. A workflow to automatically merge Dependabot PRs as long as CI passes.

Ref: https://docs.github.com/en/actions/reference/security/secure-use#using-third-party-actions

Dependabot: update config

This commit makes two changes to the Dependabot config:

1. It introduces a "cooldown" period for updates to a new major release of action runners.
   What this means, is that for updates to a new major, the Dependabot will be delayed by 10 days, which should give projects the chance to fix any "teething problems".
2. It introduces a "group".
   By default Dependabot raises individual PRs for each update. Now, it will group updates to new minor or patch release for all action runners into a single PR.
   Updates to new major releases of action runners will still be raised as individual PRs.

Refs:

• https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/dependabot-version-updates/optimizing-pr-creation-version-updates
• https://docs.github.com/en/code-security/dependabot/working-with-dependabot/dependabot-options-reference