Update Omega to C++20

[mwarusz]

This draft PR updates Omega C++ standard to C++20. E3SM is in the process to upgrading to Kokkos 5, which requires C++20. This PR has the necessary fixes on the Omega side.

Checklist

• Linting
  • Pre-commit run locally
• Building
  • CMake build does not produce any new warnings from changes in this PR
• Testing
  • Add a comment to the PR titled Testing with the following:
    • Which machines CTest unit tests
      have been run on and indicate that are all passing.
    • The Polaris omega_pr test suite
      has passed, using the Polaris e3sm_submodules/Omega baseline
    • Document machine(s), compiler(s), and the build path(s) used for -p for both the baseline (Polaris e3sm_submodules/Omega) and the PR build
    • Indicate "All tests passed" or document failing tests

[grnydawn]

I reviewed the code visually, and it looks good to me. All tests are passed on Frontier(craygnu-mphipcc, craycray-mphipcc, and craygnu), PM-CPU(gnu), PM-GPU(gnugpu), and Chrysalis(gnu). Approved.

[grnydawn]

Due to replacing the spdlog submodule with a new version and location, the changes to the logging module in this PR conflict with those in the develop branch.