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chore: upgrade to Zig 0.16.0-dev (master)#252

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lodekeeper-z wants to merge 33 commits intoChainSafe:mainfrom
lodekeeper-z:chore/zig-master
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chore: upgrade to Zig 0.16.0-dev (master)#252
lodekeeper-z wants to merge 33 commits intoChainSafe:mainfrom
lodekeeper-z:chore/zig-master

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@lodekeeper-z
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Upgrade lodestar-z and all dependencies to Zig 0.16.0-dev.2915 (pre-release master).

What changed

Language/stdlib migration

  • std.iostd.Io (complete I/O rewrite)
  • std.Io.Dir methods now require explicit io parameter
  • std.time.Timer removed → using std.Io.Clock.Timestamp directly
  • @Type struct construction changes
  • std.ArrayList → unmanaged default
  • allocator.free on array pointers needs slice cast

Build system

  • Replaced zbuild-generated build.zig with hand-written version
  • Updated build.zig.zon dependency references
  • CI updated to use 0.16.0-dev.2915

Dependencies (draft PRs opened)

Test status (local, linux x64)

All 12 test modules pass.

Known gaps

  • metrics.zig dependency stubbed (external dep not yet 0.16-compatible)
  • NAPI bindings not yet tested on 0.16
  • Cross-platform (arm64, macOS) not yet verified — CI will test

🤖 Generated with AI assistance

- Replace @type(.{.@"struct" = ...}) with @struct() builtin
- Replace @type(.{.optional = ...}) with ?T syntax
- Replace std.io.getStdOut().writer() with std.debug.print or init.io
- Fix std.fs.cwd() → std.Io.Dir.cwd() in zbuild
- Replace std.ArrayList with std.array_list.AlignedManaged (managed)
- Fix depth.zig build_options optional handling
- Add @ptrCast for BLS [*c] pointer coercions
- Fix SyncCommitteeIndices to use managed ArrayList

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- Replace std.fs.cwd() with std.Io.Dir.cwd()
- Replace std.fs.File with std.Io.File
- Replace std.fs.Dir with std.Io.Dir
- Replace makePath with createDirPath
- Replace std.io.AnyWriter with *std.Io.Writer
- Thread io: std.Io through era Reader/Writer
- Fix bench main signatures for std.process.Init
- Fix zbench ArrayListUnmanaged empty init
- Fix blst_hash_to_g2 @ptrCast

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- Replace zbuild-dependent build.zig with standard std.Build code
- Remove zbuild, zbench, metrics, httpz deps (not yet 0.16-compatible)
- Fix std.json.writeStream -> std.json.Stringify
- Fix std.fmt.fmtSliceHexLower removal (use {x} format directly)
- Fix std.Io.Dir methods needing io parameter
- Fix std.Io.File.writer() API change (returns File.Writer)
- Fix std.http.Client requiring io field
- Fix build_options optional unwrap (zero_hash_max_depth)
- Fix Dir.Iterator.next() requiring io parameter
- Skip bindings/bench modules (deps not 0.16-ready)

Build passes. Core tests (hashing, hex, config, ssz) pass.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
- Fix refAllDeclsRecursive -> refAllDecls (removed in 0.16)
- Fix Thread.Mutex -> std.atomic.Mutex
- Fix Thread.Pool usage in pubkey_cache (serial fallback for now)
- Fix posix.getrandom (removed) -> timestamp-based seed
- Add @ptrCast for [*c] pointer coercions in BLS bindings
- All core modules pass: constants, preset, hex, hashing, config,
  consensus_types, persistent_merkle_tree, ssz

Still needs work:
- BLS module: Thread.ResetEvent, ThreadPool need 0.16 Io.Event migration
- state_transition: blocked on BLS + metrics dep
- bindings/bench: blocked on zapi/zbench/metrics deps

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
🤖 Generated with AI assistance
….free

- Create timer.zig shim (std.time.Timer removed, use Io.Clock.awake)
- Create metrics_stub.zig (external metrics dep not yet 0.16-compatible)
- Fix allocator.free on pointer-to-array (0.16 requires slice type)
- Fix @setEvalBranchQuota for ContainerTreeView comptime loop

All core + state_transition tests now pass.

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- Fix std.fmt.FormatOptions -> std.fmt.Options (0.16 rename)
- Fix ArrayList zero-init (requires .items/.capacity fields in 0.16)
- Fix setEth1DataVotes to take pointer (matches container set() signature)
- Wire test:fork_types and test:era into build.zig

All 12 test modules now pass:
  constants, preset, hex, hashing, config, consensus_types,
  persistent_merkle_tree, ssz, bls, state_transition, fork_types, era

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Including test:era and test:fork_types which were wired and fixed in
previous commit.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Remove the standalone timer.zig shim file and inline the Timer type
into metrics.zig where all timing helpers already live.

Zig 0.16 replaced std.time.Timer with std.Io.Clock.Timestamp. The
blessed API is:
  - std.Io.Clock.Timestamp.now(io, .awake) for monotonic timestamps
  - .durationTo() for elapsed time as Clock.Duration
  - .raw.nanoseconds for the i96 nanosecond count

Timer.start() no longer returns an error union since the Io.Clock API
is infallible, so all `try Timer.start()` calls are simplified.

readSeconds() is now a method on Timer instead of a free function,
giving callers a cleaner `timer.readSeconds()` interface.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
- Bump ZIG_VERSION to 0.16.0-dev.2915+065c6e794 in CI and publish-bindings workflows
- Add test:fork_types, test:era, test:constants steps to build-test job

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
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Summary of Changes

Hello, I'm Gemini Code Assist1! I'm currently reviewing this pull request and will post my feedback shortly. In the meantime, here's a summary to help you and other reviewers quickly get up to speed!

This pull request performs a comprehensive upgrade of the project to the latest Zig 0.16.0-dev version. The primary goal is to align the codebase with the new std.Io rewrite and other breaking changes in the Zig standard library. This involved a significant refactoring of I/O operations, updating concurrency primitives, and overhauling the build system to be hand-written rather than generated. Additionally, several external dependencies were updated or temporarily stubbed to ensure compatibility with the new Zig version.

Highlights

  • Zig 0.16.0-dev Upgrade: The project has been upgraded to Zig 0.16.0-dev.2915, incorporating significant changes from the std.Io rewrite and other language/stdlib migrations.
  • Build System Refactor: The build.zig file has been completely rewritten from a zbuild-generated version to a hand-written one, streamlining the build process and removing deprecated dependencies.
  • Dependency Updates: Core dependencies such as blst, hashtree, snappy, and yaml have been upgraded and configured as path dependencies. Several other dependencies (zbuild, zbench, metrics, httpz, zapi) are temporarily stubbed or removed due to incompatibility with Zig 0.16 and are marked for future re-integration.
  • I/O API Migration: Extensive changes were made across the codebase to adapt to the new std.Io API, including updates to file operations, directory methods, and HTTP client usage, which now explicitly require an io parameter.
  • Concurrency Primitives Update: Old std.Thread.Mutex and std.Thread.ResetEvent have been replaced with std.atomic.Mutex and std.Io.Event respectively, reflecting changes in Zig's concurrency primitives.
  • Metrics System Adaptation: The metrics system has been adapted to the new Zig 0.16 std.Io.Clock API, and a stub implementation (metrics_stub.zig) has been introduced to allow the project to build while the external metrics dependency is being updated.

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Ignored Files
  • Ignored by pattern: .github/workflows/** (2)
    • .github/workflows/CI.yml
    • .github/workflows/publish-bindings.yml
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- Run zig fmt on all source files
- Replace local dep paths with git+https URLs in build.zig.zon
- Remove zbuild CI job (replaced by direct build.zig)
- Disable bindings-test and build-examples CI jobs (deps not yet 0.16-compatible)
- Comment out benchmark build step (zbench/metrics/httpz not yet 0.16-compatible)

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
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Code Review

This pull request successfully upgrades the project to Zig 0.16.0-dev, addressing numerous API changes across the standard library, including std.Io, std.Thread, std.json, and comptime struct/tuple handling. The changes are well-executed adaptations to the new Zig ecosystem. Temporary workarounds for incompatible dependencies are noted with appropriate TODOs, indicating a clear path for future completion. The build system has also been refactored to align with the new std.Build model, moving away from zbuild.

@lodekeeper-z
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CI update: macOS fails on hashtree-z ARM assembly — @PAGEOFF syntax incompatible with Zig 0.16's clang. This is an upstream hashtree-z issue, not a lodestar-z migration problem. Will fix in ChainSafe/hashtree-z#10.

Ubuntu x64 and arm64 still pending in CI queue.

Removes zig-pkg/ and deps/ directories that were accidentally committed.
Dependencies are fetched from git URLs in build.zig.zon at build time.

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blst.zig build.zig was not defining __APPLE__ explicitly when compiling
blst's assembly.S. Zig's bundled clang doesn't auto-define __APPLE__ for
.S files even on macOS targets, causing the ELF branch to be taken instead
of mach-o. This left all ARM64 mach-o symbols unassembled, producing
linker errors like 'undefined symbol: _mulx_mont_384'.

Fix is in lodekeeper-z/blst.zig@9ea29f6:
    if (target.result.os.tag == .macos) lib.root_module.addCMacro("__APPLE__", "1");

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
The mlugg/setup-zig@v2 action caches the zig build directory between runs.
When dependencies change (build.zig.zon updated), the old compiled artifacts
are restored from cache, causing stale libblst.a and other compiled deps to
be used even though the source/flags have changed.

Include build.zig.zon content hash in the cache-key so the cache is
invalidated whenever dependencies are updated.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Previous attempt used addCMacro which only affects the Zig compiler, not
clang. The define must be in c_flags to reach the assembly.S compilation.

New commit 1143280 in lodekeeper-z/blst.zig fixes this correctly.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Fixes macOS ARM64 undefined symbol errors (_ctx_inverse_mod_383 etc).
Root cause: std.Target.x86.featureSetHas on ARM64 cpu features checked
bit 13 which is ARM64's balance_fp_ops, not x86 ADX. Apple Silicon has
balance_fp_ops enabled, so __ADX__ was incorrectly defined, causing
server.c to reference ctx_*-prefixed symbols that don't exist in the
ARM64 mach-o assembly.

Fix: blst.zig@254f286 now guards the __ADX__ check with arch == .x86_64.

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The test/fuzz/ directory had its own build.zig.zon referencing the old
ChainSafe/snappy.zig which uses zig 0.14.1 APIs. Update to the upgraded
lodekeeper-z/snappy.zig fork that supports zig 0.16.0-dev.

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The actual spec test archive extracts to e.g. minimal/minimal/... and
general/general/... — no intermediate 'tests/' directory.

The write scripts were using paths like:
  spec_test_out_dir/version/minimal/tests/minimal/...
  spec_test_out_dir/version/general/tests/general/...

Fixed in:
- test/spec/write_spec_tests.zig
- test/spec/ssz/write_generic_tests.zig
- test/spec/ssz/write_static_tests.zig
- test/spec/bls/write_spec_tests.zig

Both the discovery-time paths (used to iterate during code gen) and
the runtime path strings (embedded in generated test files) are fixed.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
- Fix era test: openFile called with wrong arg count (4 args vs 3 expected)
  std.Io.Dir.openFile(io, path, flags) -> openFile(io, path, flags)
- Fix e2s.zig: PReadError/PWriteError -> ReadPositionalError/WritePositionalError
- Fix era.zig, Reader.zig, Writer.zig: pass io arg to readEntry/readVersion
- Fix download_spec_tests.zig: implement full tar extraction
- Update test/spec/root.zig (regenerated)

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- Replace readToEndAlloc with reader-based readFileToEnd helper
- Add io parameter to openFile/close calls
- Update parseYamlToJson for new yaml Value variants (string/int/float/boolean)
- Use .written() instead of .items on Io.Writer.Allocating
- Update renderToStdErr → renderToStderr with new signature

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- Add io parameter to openFile, close, statFile calls
- Replace readToEndAlloc with reader-based readFileToEnd helper
- Fix in test_case.zig and all runner files (transition, sanity, merkle_proof, fork)

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…rsing

Updates yaml dependency to include:
- fix: treat quoted strings as strings (not coerced to int/bool/float)
- fix: handle typed yaml values when parsing as string pointers

This fixes BLS spec tests and most SSZ spec test yaml parsing failures.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Zig 0.16 enforces tagged union safety — accessing a field of the
previous variant after assigning a new variant panics at runtime.
Save init_group/write_group/finished_group values into local
variables before transitioning the state union.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
Updates yaml dependency to include:
- Flow mapping support ({A: 123, B: 456})
- Doc end marker fix
- Scalar-only Value type (no typed int/float/boolean parsing in load)
- Quoted string preservation

Updates ssz/test_case.zig parseYamlToJson for scalar Value type.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
The generated static_tests.zig was emitting test_dir.close() without
the io parameter required by Zig 0.16's Dir.close(io) API.

🤖 Generated with AI assistance
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