diff --git a/src/commands/change.ts b/src/commands/change.ts
index 5a1fcc034..87538a7cd 100644
--- a/src/commands/change.ts
+++ b/src/commands/change.ts
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@ export class ChangeCommand {
       } else {
         console.error(`变更 "${changeName}" 存在问题`);
         report.issues.forEach(issue => {
-          const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? 'ERROR' : 'WARNING';
+          const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '错误' : '警告';
           const prefix = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '✗' : '⚠';
           console.error(`${prefix} [${label}] ${issue.path}: ${issue.message}`);
         });
diff --git a/src/commands/spec.ts b/src/commands/spec.ts
index 593828dd2..f27aab3f1 100644
--- a/src/commands/spec.ts
+++ b/src/commands/spec.ts
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ export function registerSpecCommand(rootProgram: typeof program) {
           } else {
             console.error(`规范 '${specId}' 存在问题`);
             report.issues.forEach(issue => {
-              const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? 'ERROR' : issue.level;
+              const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '错误' : issue.level === 'WARNING' ? '警告' : '信息';
               const prefix = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '✗' : issue.level === 'WARNING' ? '⚠' : 'ℹ';
               console.error(`${prefix} [${label}] ${issue.path}: ${issue.message}`);
             });
diff --git a/src/commands/validate.ts b/src/commands/validate.ts
index 5551b3e66..0403b9e5b 100644
--- a/src/commands/validate.ts
+++ b/src/commands/validate.ts
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ export class ValidateCommand {
     } else {
       console.error(`${type === 'change' ? '变更' : '规范'} '${id}' 存在问题`);
       for (const issue of report.issues) {
-        const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? 'ERROR' : issue.level;
+        const label = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '错误' : issue.level === 'WARNING' ? '警告' : '信息';
         const prefix = issue.level === 'ERROR' ? '✗' : issue.level === 'WARNING' ? '⚠' : 'ℹ';
         console.error(`${prefix} [${label}] ${issue.path}: ${issue.message}`);
       }
@@ -247,14 +247,14 @@ export class ValidateCommand {
           const currentIndex = index++;
           const task = queue[currentIndex];
           running++;
-          if (spinner) spinner.text = `Validating (${currentIndex + 1}/${queue.length})...`;
+          if (spinner) spinner.text = `正在验证 (${currentIndex + 1}/${queue.length})...`;
           task()
             .then(res => {
               results.push(res);
               if (res.valid) passed++; else failed++;
             })
             .catch((error: any) => {
-              const message = error?.message || 'Unknown error';
+              const message = error?.message || '未知错误';
               const res: BulkItemResult = { id: getPlannedId(currentIndex, changeIds, specIds) ?? 'unknown', type: getPlannedType(currentIndex, changeIds, specIds) ?? 'change', valid: false, issues: [{ level: 'ERROR', path: 'file', message }], durationMs: 0 };
               results.push(res);
               failed++;
diff --git a/src/commands/workflow/templates.ts b/src/commands/workflow/templates.ts
index 3bd6fbb40..156e6904f 100644
--- a/src/commands/workflow/templates.ts
+++ b/src/commands/workflow/templates.ts
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ export async function templatesCommand(options: TemplatesOptions): Promise<void>
       return;
     }
 
-    console.log(`Schema: ${schemaName}`);
+    console.log(`架构: ${schemaName}`);
     console.log(`来源：${source}`);
     console.log();
 
diff --git a/src/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.ts b/src/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.ts
index b95e81651..4454edc09 100644
--- a/src/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.ts
+++ b/src/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.ts
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ export function loadTemplate(
   const schemaDir = getSchemaDir(schemaName, projectRoot);
   if (!schemaDir) {
     throw new TemplateLoadError(
-      `Schema '${schemaName}' not found`,
+      `架构 '${schemaName}' 未找到`,
       templatePath
     );
   }
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ export function loadTemplate(
 
   if (!fs.existsSync(fullPath)) {
     throw new TemplateLoadError(
-      `Template not found: ${fullPath}`,
+      `模板文件未找到：${fullPath}`,
       fullPath
     );
   }
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ export function loadTemplate(
   } catch (err) {
     const ioError = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
     throw new TemplateLoadError(
-      `Failed to read template: ${ioError.message}`,
+      `读取模板文件失败：${ioError.message}`,
       fullPath
     );
   }
diff --git a/src/core/artifact-graph/resolver.ts b/src/core/artifact-graph/resolver.ts
index 9ccd48aba..8c753d0dc 100644
--- a/src/core/artifact-graph/resolver.ts
+++ b/src/core/artifact-graph/resolver.ts
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ export function resolveSchema(name: string, projectRoot?: string): SchemaYaml {
   if (!schemaDir) {
     const availableSchemas = listSchemas(projectRoot);
     throw new Error(
-      `Schema '${normalizedName}' not found. Available schemas: ${availableSchemas.join(', ')}`
+      `架构 '${normalizedName}' 未找到。可用架构：${availableSchemas.join(', ')}`
     );
   }
 
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ export function resolveSchema(name: string, projectRoot?: string): SchemaYaml {
   } catch (err) {
     const ioError = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
     throw new SchemaLoadError(
-      `Failed to read schema at '${schemaPath}': ${ioError.message}`,
+      `读取架构文件失败 '${schemaPath}'：${ioError.message}`,
       schemaPath,
       ioError
     );
@@ -138,14 +138,14 @@ export function resolveSchema(name: string, projectRoot?: string): SchemaYaml {
   } catch (err) {
     if (err instanceof SchemaValidationError) {
       throw new SchemaLoadError(
-        `Invalid schema at '${schemaPath}': ${err.message}`,
+        `架构文件无效 '${schemaPath}'：${err.message}`,
         schemaPath,
         err
       );
     }
     const parseError = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err));
     throw new SchemaLoadError(
-      `Failed to parse schema at '${schemaPath}': ${parseError.message}`,
+      `解析架构文件失败 '${schemaPath}'：${parseError.message}`,
       schemaPath,
       parseError
     );
diff --git a/src/core/project-config.ts b/src/core/project-config.ts
index 6c1ea04a5..43263abf4 100644
--- a/src/core/project-config.ts
+++ b/src/core/project-config.ts
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ export function readProjectConfig(projectRoot: string): ProjectConfig | null {
     const raw = parseYaml(content);
 
     if (!raw || typeof raw !== 'object') {
-      console.warn(`openspec/config.yaml is not a valid YAML object`);
+      console.warn(`openspec/config.yaml 不是有效的 YAML 对象`);
       return null;
     }
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export function readProjectConfig(projectRoot: string): ProjectConfig | null {
     if (schemaResult.success) {
       config.schema = schemaResult.data;
     } else if (raw.schema !== undefined) {
-      console.warn(`Invalid 'schema' field in config (must be non-empty string)`);
+      console.warn(`配置中的 'schema' 字段无效（必须是非空字符串）`);
     }
 
     // Parse context field with size limit
@@ -102,14 +102,14 @@ export function readProjectConfig(projectRoot: string): ProjectConfig | null {
         const contextSize = Buffer.byteLength(contextResult.data, 'utf-8');
         if (contextSize > MAX_CONTEXT_SIZE) {
           console.warn(
-            `Context too large (${(contextSize / 1024).toFixed(1)}KB, limit: ${MAX_CONTEXT_SIZE / 1024}KB)`
+            `上下文过大（${(contextSize / 1024).toFixed(1)}KB，限制：${MAX_CONTEXT_SIZE / 1024}KB）`
           );
-          console.warn(`Ignoring context field`);
+          console.warn(`忽略 context 字段`);
         } else {
           config.context = contextResult.data;
         }
       } else {
-        console.warn(`Invalid 'context' field in config (must be string)`);
+        console.warn(`配置中的 'context' 字段无效（必须是字符串）`);
       }
     }
 
@@ -134,12 +134,12 @@ export function readProjectConfig(projectRoot: string): ProjectConfig | null {
             }
             if (validRules.length < rulesArrayResult.data.length) {
               console.warn(
-                `Some rules for '${artifactId}' are empty strings, ignoring them`
+                `'${artifactId}' 的某些规则是空字符串，已忽略`
               );
             }
           } else {
             console.warn(
-              `Rules for '${artifactId}' must be an array of strings, ignoring this artifact's rules`
+              `'${artifactId}' 的规则必须是字符串数组，已忽略该产出物的规则`
             );
           }
         }
@@ -148,14 +148,14 @@ export function readProjectConfig(projectRoot: string): ProjectConfig | null {
           config.rules = parsedRules;
         }
       } else {
-        console.warn(`Invalid 'rules' field in config (must be object)`);
+        console.warn(`配置中的 'rules' 字段无效（必须是对象）`);
       }
     }
 
     // Return partial config even if some fields failed
     return Object.keys(config).length > 0 ? (config as ProjectConfig) : null;
   } catch (error) {
-    console.warn(`Failed to parse openspec/config.yaml:`, error);
+    console.warn(`解析 openspec/config.yaml 失败：`, error);
     return null;
   }
 }
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ export function validateConfigRules(
     if (!validArtifactIds.has(artifactId)) {
       const validIds = Array.from(validArtifactIds).sort().join(', ');
       warnings.push(
-        `Unknown artifact ID in rules: "${artifactId}". ` +
-          `Valid IDs for schema "${schemaName}": ${validIds}`
+        `规则中存在未知的产出物 ID："${artifactId}"。` +
+          `架构 "${schemaName}" 的有效 ID：${validIds}`
       );
     }
   }
@@ -237,28 +237,28 @@ export function suggestSchemas(
   const builtIn = availableSchemas.filter((s) => s.isBuiltIn).map((s) => s.name);
   const projectLocal = availableSchemas.filter((s) => !s.isBuiltIn).map((s) => s.name);
 
-  let message = `Schema '${invalidSchemaName}' not found in openspec/config.yaml\n\n`;
+  let message = `架构 '${invalidSchemaName}' 在 openspec/config.yaml 中未找到\n\n`;
 
   if (suggestions.length > 0) {
-    message += `Did you mean one of these?\n`;
+    message += `您是否想要其中之一？\n`;
     suggestions.forEach((s) => {
-      const type = s.isBuiltIn ? 'built-in' : 'project-local';
+      const type = s.isBuiltIn ? '内置' : '项目本地';
       message += `  - ${s.name} (${type})\n`;
     });
     message += '\n';
   }
 
-  message += `Available schemas:\n`;
+  message += `可用架构：\n`;
   if (builtIn.length > 0) {
-    message += `  Built-in: ${builtIn.join(', ')}\n`;
+    message += `  内置：${builtIn.join(', ')}\n`;
   }
   if (projectLocal.length > 0) {
-    message += `  Project-local: ${projectLocal.join(', ')}\n`;
+    message += `  项目本地：${projectLocal.join(', ')}\n`;
   } else {
-    message += `  Project-local: (none found)\n`;
+    message += `  项目本地：（未找到）\n`;
   }
 
-  message += `\nFix: Edit openspec/config.yaml and change 'schema: ${invalidSchemaName}' to a valid schema name`;
+  message += `\n修复方法：编辑 openspec/config.yaml，将 'schema: ${invalidSchemaName}' 改为有效的架构名称`;
 
   return message;
 }
diff --git a/test/commands/artifact-workflow.test.ts b/test/commands/artifact-workflow.test.ts
index 0d8a91a16..365d32946 100644
--- a/test/commands/artifact-workflow.test.ts
+++ b/test/commands/artifact-workflow.test.ts
@@ -290,7 +290,7 @@ describe('artifact-workflow CLI commands', () => {
     it('shows template paths for default schema', async () => {
       const result = await runCLI(['templates'], { cwd: tempDir });
       expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0);
-      expect(result.stdout).toContain('Schema: spec-driven');
+      expect(result.stdout).toContain('架构: spec-driven');
       expect(result.stdout).toContain('proposal:');
       expect(result.stdout).toContain('design:');
       expect(result.stdout).toContain('specs:');
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ describe('artifact-workflow CLI commands', () => {
     it('shows template paths for specified schema', async () => {
       const result = await runCLI(['templates', '--schema', 'spec-driven'], { cwd: tempDir });
       expect(result.exitCode).toBe(0);
-      expect(result.stdout).toContain('Schema: spec-driven');
+      expect(result.stdout).toContain('架构: spec-driven');
       expect(result.stdout).toContain('proposal:');
       expect(result.stdout).toContain('design:');
     });
diff --git a/test/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.test.ts b/test/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.test.ts
index 64b1c5f12..513b3c553 100644
--- a/test/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.test.ts
+++ b/test/core/artifact-graph/instruction-loader.test.ts
@@ -443,7 +443,7 @@ rules:
         generateInstructions(context, 'proposal', tempDir);
 
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Unknown artifact ID in rules: "invalid-artifact"')
+          expect.stringContaining('规则中存在未知的产出物 ID："invalid-artifact"')
         );
       });
 
@@ -475,7 +475,7 @@ rules:
           // Note: We may have gotten warnings from other tests, so check that
           // the count didn't increase by more than 1 from the first call
           const callCount = consoleWarnSpy.mock.calls.filter(call =>
-            call[0]?.includes('Unknown artifact ID in rules')
+            call[0]?.includes('规则中存在未知的产出物 ID')
           ).length;
 
           expect(callCount).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(1);
diff --git a/test/core/artifact-graph/resolver.test.ts b/test/core/artifact-graph/resolver.test.ts
index 484cc3b40..b34a9de9a 100644
--- a/test/core/artifact-graph/resolver.test.ts
+++ b/test/core/artifact-graph/resolver.test.ts
@@ -227,7 +227,7 @@ version: [[[invalid yaml
       } catch (e) {
         expect(e).toBeInstanceOf(SchemaLoadError);
         const error = e as SchemaLoadError;
-        expect(error.message).toContain('Failed to parse');
+        expect(error.message).toContain('解析架构文件失败');
         expect(error.message).toContain(schemaPath);
       }
     });
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ version: [[[invalid yaml
     });
 
     it('should throw when schema not found', () => {
-      expect(() => resolveSchema('nonexistent-schema')).toThrow(/not found/);
+      expect(() => resolveSchema('nonexistent-schema')).toThrow(/未找到/);
     });
 
     it('should list available schemas in error message', () => {
diff --git a/test/core/project-config.test.ts b/test/core/project-config.test.ts
index 88944659d..d10b663db 100644
--- a/test/core/project-config.test.ts
+++ b/test/core/project-config.test.ts
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ rules:
           },
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Invalid 'schema' field")
+          expect.stringContaining("配置中的 'schema' 字段无效")
         );
       });
 
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ rules:
           },
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Invalid 'context' field")
+          expect.stringContaining("配置中的 'context' 字段无效")
         );
       });
 
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ rules: ["not", "an", "object"]
           context: 'Valid context',
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Invalid 'rules' field")
+          expect.stringContaining("配置中的 'rules' 字段无效")
         );
       });
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ rules:
           context: 'Valid context',
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Invalid 'rules' field")
+          expect.stringContaining("配置中的 'rules' 字段无效")
         );
       });
 
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ rules:
           },
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Rules for 'specs' must be an array of strings")
+          expect.stringContaining("'specs' 的规则必须是字符串数组")
         );
       });
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ rules:
           },
         });
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining("Some rules for 'proposal' are empty strings")
+          expect.stringContaining("'proposal' 的某些规则是空字符串")
         );
       });
 
@@ -257,7 +257,7 @@ rules:
 
         expect(config).toBeNull();
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Failed to parse openspec/config.yaml'),
+          expect.stringContaining('解析 openspec/config.yaml 失败'),
           expect.anything()
         );
       });
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ rules:
 
         expect(config).toBeNull();
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('not a valid YAML object')
+          expect.stringContaining('不是有效的 YAML 对象')
         );
       });
 
@@ -300,7 +300,7 @@ rules:
 
         expect(config?.context).toBe(smallContext);
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Context too large')
+          expect.stringContaining('上下文过大')
         );
       });
 
@@ -318,10 +318,10 @@ rules:
         expect(config).toEqual({ schema: 'spec-driven' });
         expect(config?.context).toBeUndefined();
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Context too large (51.0KB, limit: 50KB)')
+          expect.stringContaining('上下文过大（51.0KB，限制：50KB）')
         );
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Ignoring context field')
+          expect.stringContaining('忽略 context 字段')
         );
       });
 
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ rules:
 
         expect(config?.context).toBe(exactContext);
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Context too large')
+          expect.stringContaining('上下文过大')
         );
       });
 
@@ -359,7 +359,7 @@ context: |
 
         expect(config?.context).toBeUndefined();
         expect(consoleWarnSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-          expect.stringContaining('Context too large')
+          expect.stringContaining('上下文过大')
         );
       });
     });
@@ -507,9 +507,9 @@ rules:
       const warnings = validateConfigRules(rules, validIds, 'spec-driven');
 
       expect(warnings).toHaveLength(2);
-      expect(warnings[0]).toContain('Unknown artifact ID in rules: "testplan"');
-      expect(warnings[0]).toContain('Valid IDs for schema "spec-driven": design, proposal, specs, tasks');
-      expect(warnings[1]).toContain('Unknown artifact ID in rules: "documentation"');
+      expect(warnings[0]).toContain('规则中存在未知的产出物 ID："testplan"');
+      expect(warnings[0]).toContain('架构 "spec-driven" 的有效 ID：design, proposal, specs, tasks');
+      expect(warnings[1]).toContain('规则中存在未知的产出物 ID："documentation"');
     });
 
     it('should return warnings for all unknown artifact IDs', () => {
@@ -545,24 +545,24 @@ rules:
     it('should suggest close matches using fuzzy matching', () => {
       const message = suggestSchemas('spec-drven', availableSchemas); // Missing 'i'
 
-      expect(message).toContain("Schema 'spec-drven' not found");
-      expect(message).toContain('Did you mean one of these?');
-      expect(message).toContain('spec-driven (built-in)');
+      expect(message).toContain("架构 'spec-drven' 在 openspec/config.yaml 中未找到");
+      expect(message).toContain('您是否想要其中之一？');
+      expect(message).toContain('spec-driven (内置)');
     });
 
     it('should suggest custom-workflow for workflow typo', () => {
       const message = suggestSchemas('custom-workflo', availableSchemas);
 
-      expect(message).toContain('Did you mean one of these?');
+      expect(message).toContain('您是否想要其中之一？');
       expect(message).toContain('custom-workflow');
     });
 
     it('should list all available schemas', () => {
       const message = suggestSchemas('nonexistent', availableSchemas);
 
-      expect(message).toContain('Available schemas:');
-      expect(message).toContain('Built-in: spec-driven');
-      expect(message).toContain('Project-local: custom-workflow, team-process');
+      expect(message).toContain('可用架构：');
+      expect(message).toContain('内置：spec-driven');
+      expect(message).toContain('项目本地：custom-workflow, team-process');
     });
 
     it('should handle case when no project-local schemas exist', () => {
@@ -571,15 +571,15 @@ rules:
       ];
       const message = suggestSchemas('invalid', builtInOnly);
 
-      expect(message).toContain('Built-in: spec-driven');
-      expect(message).toContain('Project-local: (none found)');
+      expect(message).toContain('内置：spec-driven');
+      expect(message).toContain('项目本地：（未找到）');
     });
 
     it('should include fix instruction', () => {
       const message = suggestSchemas('wrong-schema', availableSchemas);
 
       expect(message).toContain(
-        "Fix: Edit openspec/config.yaml and change 'schema: wrong-schema' to a valid schema name"
+        "修复方法：编辑 openspec/config.yaml，将 'schema: wrong-schema' 改为有效的架构名称"
       );
     });
 
@@ -603,8 +603,8 @@ rules:
       const message = suggestSchemas('abcdefghijk', availableSchemas);
 
       // 'abcdefghijk' has large Levenshtein distance from all schemas
-      expect(message).not.toContain('Did you mean');
-      expect(message).toContain('Available schemas:');
+      expect(message).not.toContain('您是否想要');
+      expect(message).toContain('可用架构：');
     });
   });
 });