diff --git a/cargo-annotation/action.yml b/cargo-annotation/action.yml
index 861a1a4..d7a8a1f 100644
--- a/cargo-annotation/action.yml
+++ b/cargo-annotation/action.yml
@@ -12,18 +12,8 @@ runs:
   using: "composite"
   steps:
     - name: cargo
-      run: |
-        CMD="cargo"
-
-        if [[ "${{ inputs.cargo-command }}" != "" ]]; then
-          CMD="$CMD ${{ inputs.cargo-command }}"
-        fi
-
-        if [[ "${{ inputs.with-annotation }}" == "true" ]]; then
-          CMD="$CMD --message-format=json"
-        fi
-
-        eval "$CMD | ${{ github.action_path }}/annotation.sh"
+      run: python $GITHUB_ACTION_PATH/annotation.py
       shell: bash
       env:
+        INPUT_CARGO_COMMAND: ${{ inputs.cargo-command }}
         WITH_ANNOTATION: ${{ inputs.with-annotation }}
diff --git a/cargo-annotation/annotation.py b/cargo-annotation/annotation.py
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..c4416f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/cargo-annotation/annotation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+
+import os
+import subprocess
+import json
+import sys
+import shlex
+from typing import Any
+
+
+def emit_annotation_for_clippy(results: list[dict[str, Any]], with_annotation: bool):
+    total_count = 0
+    limit = 10
+
+    severenty_map = {
+        "help": "notice",
+        "note": "notice",
+        "warning": "warning",
+        "error": "error",
+    }
+    for item in results:
+        if total_count >= limit:
+            break
+
+        message = item.get("message")
+        if not message:
+            continue
+
+        spans = message.get("spans") or []
+        primary_span = next((span for span in spans if span.get("is_primary")), None)
+        if not primary_span:
+            continue
+
+        level = severenty_map.get(message.get("level"), "error")
+        title = message.get("message", "")
+        rendered_message = message.get("rendered", "")
+
+        file_name = (primary_span["file_name"],)
+        line_start = (primary_span["line_start"],)
+        line_end = (primary_span["line_end"],)
+        column_start = (primary_span["column_start"],)
+        column_end = (primary_span["column_end"],)
+
+        line_info = f"line={line_start},endLine={line_end},title={title}"
+
+        column_info = ""
+        if (
+            line_start == line_end
+            and column_end is not None
+            and column_start is not None
+        ):
+            column_info = f"col={column_start},endColumn={column_end},"
+        if with_annotation:
+            print(
+                f"::{level} file={file_name},{column_info}{line_info}::{rendered_message}"
+            )
+        total_count += 1
+
+    return 1 if total_count > 0 else 0
+
+
+def main():
+    cmd = ["cargo"]
+
+    cargo_command = os.getenv("INPUT_CARGO_COMMAND", "").strip()
+    with_annotation = (
+        os.getenv("INPUT_WITH_ANNOTATION", "true").strip().lower() == "true"
+    )
+
+    if cargo_command:
+        args = shlex.split(cargo_command)
+        cmd.extend(args)
+
+    if "--message-format=json" not in cmd:
+        cmd.append("--message-format=json")
+
+    proc = subprocess.run(cmd, capture_output=with_annotation)
+    clippy_results = [
+        json.loads(line) for line in proc.stdout.splitlines() if line.strip()
+    ]
+
+    result = emit_annotation_for_clippy(clippy_results, with_annotation)
+    sys.exit(result)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    main()
diff --git a/cargo-annotation/annotation.sh b/cargo-annotation/annotation.sh
deleted file mode 100755
index 8952cc2..0000000
--- a/cargo-annotation/annotation.sh
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -o errexit
-set -o nounset
-set -o pipefail
-
-annotations=$(jq -r '
-  select(.reason == "compiler-message")
-  | .message as $msg
-  | select($msg.level == "error" or $msg.level == "warning")
-  | $msg.spans[]
-  | select(.is_primary)
-  | "::\($msg.level) file=\(.file_name),line=\(.line_start),col=\(.column_start)\(if .column_end != .column_start then ",endColumn=\(.column_end)" else "" end)::\($msg.message)"
-')
-
-if [[ -n "$annotations" ]]; then
-    if [[ "${WITH_ANNOTATION}" == "true" ]]; then
-        echo "$annotations"
-    fi
-    exit 1
-fi