[C++][FlightSQL][ODBC][SQLGetTypeInfo] Fix return values for searchable

[alinaliBQ]

Describe the enhancement requested

Current behavior:
flightsql-odbc backend doesn't differentiate between SQL_PRED_CHAR, SQL_PRED_BASIC, and SQL_SEARCHABLE. SQL_SEARCHABLE is returned by default when the Arrow data type is searchable. This causes a problem because types like bit is searchable, but it is generally not supported in LIKE clause, so SQL_PRED_BASIC is more appropriate compared to SQL_SEARCHABLE.

This is a minor issue that's not impacting most BI tools.

arrow/cpp/src/arrow/flight/sql/odbc/flight_sql/flight_sql_statement_get_type_info.cc

Lines 117 to 118 in 596a60f

	data.searchable = reader.GetSearchable() ? odbcabstraction::SEARCHABILITY_ALL
	: odbcabstraction::SEARCHABILITY_NONE;

SQLGetTypeInfo spec for reference on definitions of SQL_PRED_*: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/odbc/reference/syntax/SQLGetTypeInfo-function?view=sql-server-ver17

AC:

• When a data type is searchable, the ODBC should return SQL_PRED_CHAR or SQL_PRED_BASIC for the appropriate data types

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Parent issue: #30622

Component(s)

C++, FlightRPC