drivers:frequency:adf4371: Added the README documentation for ADF4371

Added the README file for the ADF4371 driver.

Modified the sphinx drivers_doc.rst file to add the corresponding
source.

Added changes based on reviewer's comments.

Added doxygen directive.

Signed-off-by: Carl Ian Gamutan <[email protected]>

Author: Carlian275

doc/sphinx/source/drivers/frequency/adf4371.rst

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+.. include:: ../../../../../drivers/frequency/adf4371/README.rst 

drivers/frequency/adf4371/README.rst

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+ADF4371 no-OS Driver
+====================
+
+.. no-os-doxygen::
+
+Supported Devices
+-----------------
+
+- :adi:`ADF4371`
+- :adi:`ADF4372`
+
+Overview
+--------
+
+The ADF4371 features an RF output frequency range of 62.5 MHz to 32,000
+MHz. The ADF4371 includes a fractional-N synthesizer and an integer N
+synthesizer with a high resolution 39-bit fractional modulus. The device
+implements fractional-N or integer N phase-locked loop (PLL) frequency
+synthesizers with an external loop filter and an external reference
+frequency. The wideband microwave voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO)
+design generates frequencies from 62.5 MHz to 32,000 MHz. The ADF4371
+has an integrated VCO with a fundamental output frequency ranging from
+4000 MHz to 8000 MHz and connects to divide-by circuits that permit
+generation of RF output frequencies as low as 62.5 MHz.
+
+Applications
+-------------
+
+- Wireless infrastructure (multicarrier global system for mobile
+  communication, 5G) power-down modes
+- Test equipment and instrumentation
+- Clock generation
+- Aerospace and defense
+
+Operation Modes
+---------------
+
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| Mode Name        | Description              | Configuration Bits       | Typical Use                 |
++==================+==========================+==========================+=============================+
+| Tristate         | High impedance output    | ADF4371_MUXOUT_TRISTATE  | Disable output when not used|
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| Digital Lock     | Digital lock detect      | ADF4371_MUXOUT_DIG_LOCK  | Monitor PLL lock status     |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| Charge Pump Up   | Charge pump up signal    | ADF4371_MUXOUT_CH_PUMP_UP| Upward charge pump operation|
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| Charge Pump Down | Charge pump down signal  | ADF4371_MUXOUT_CH        | Downward charge pump        |
+|                  |                          | _PUMP_DOWN               | operation                   |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| RDIV2            | Reference clock ÷2       | ADF4371_MUXOUT_RDIV2     | Divided reference output    |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| N Divider Output | N divider signal         | ADF4371_MUXOUT_N_DIV_OUT | Debug PLL divider settings  |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| VCO Test         | VCO test mode            | ADF4371_MUXOUT_VCO_TEST  | Test VCO performance        |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| High             | Output forced high       | ADF4371_MUXOUT_HIGH      | Override for test           |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| VCO Cal R Band   | VCO cal for R band       | ADF4371_MUXOUT_VCO       | Calibrate VCO R band        |
+|                  |                          | _CALIB_R_B               |                             |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+| VCO Cal N Band   | VCO cal for N band       | ADF4371_MUXOUT           | Calibrate VCO N band        |
+|                  |                          |  _VCO_CALIB_N_BAND       |                             |
++------------------+--------------------------+--------------------------+-----------------------------+
+
+Device Configuration
+--------------------
+
+Initialization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The function ``adf4371_init()`` configures the device with given
+parameters and allocates the necessary resources. The function
+``adf4371_remove()`` releases these resources and removes the device
+instance from the system.
+
+SPI Communication Functions
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The SPI communication functions for the ADF4371 device serve to enable
+efficient data transactions between the device and a controlling system.
+The ``adf4371_write`` function allows writing an 8-bit value to a
+specified 16-bit register by building a command from the register
+address and write operation, which is then transmitted through a 3-byte
+buffer over SPI. It confirms success with a return code of 0, or an
+appropriate negative error code upon failure.
+
+The ``adf4371_write_bulk`` function extends this capability by
+facilitating the writing of multiple bytes from an array to a device
+register, using a buffer that incorporates the write command, the
+register address, and the data. Like ``adf4371_write``, it returns 0
+upon success, with negative codes indicating errors. The
+``adf4371_read`` function, on the other hand, reads an 8-bit value from
+a defined 16-bit register by issuing a read command and storing the
+result from the SPI response.
+
+Register and Frequency Configuration
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``adf4371_update`` function operates by reading a register’s current
+value, applying a bitmask to clear certain bits, and then writing back
+the modified value to update specific bits of the register. It returns 0
+to indicate a successful operation or a negative error code if any step
+fails. This function is crucial for ensuring precise control over the
+ADF4371 device’s configuration and is often employed in modifying
+registers to ensure they adhere to desired specifications.
+
+The ``adf4371_pll_fract_n_compute`` function calculates the PLL (Phase
+Locked Loop) parameters such as integer and fractional division
+components for the VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) based on its
+frequency and the PFD (Phase Frequency Detector) frequency.
+
+In contrast, ``adf4371_pll_fract_n_get_rate`` computes the output
+frequency for a specific channel, returning it as a 64-bit integer.
+Finally, ``adf4371_set_freq`` sets a channel’s frequency by validating
+the frequency, adjusting dividers, computing the necessary PLL
+parameters, and updating device registers accordingly, returning 0 for
+success or a negative error upon failure.
+
+Channel Control
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``adf4371_channel_power_down`` function modifies the power state of
+a specified channel in the ADF4371 device by altering the register bit
+corresponding to the power-down state, effectively enabling or disabling
+the channel power as needed. It takes a device pointer, channel number,
+and a boolean to indicate power state, and returns 0 on success or a
+negative error code upon failure.
+
+Meanwhile, ``adf4371_channel_config`` manages the frequency
+configuration and power state of channels, ensuring each channel’s
+frequency matches its desired setting. It iterates over channels, sets
+frequencies if needed, and utilizes ``adf4371_channel_power_down`` to
+power up channels, reporting 0 on success and a negative code if an
+error occurs during operations.
+
+Device Setup and Initialization
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The setup and operation of the ADF4371 involve several key steps
+primarily facilitated through SPI communication. Initially, the SPI
+interface is configured by writing specific values to registers, namely
+REG0000 and REG0001, to establish a 4-wire SPI operation. This is the
+foundation for subsequent initialization and operation.
+
+The initialization sequence requires writing to registers in reverse
+order, from address 0x7C to address 0x10, to prepare the device for
+frequency updates. Following initialization, the frequency update
+sequence involves modifying the R, MOD2, FRAC1, FRAC2, and INT
+registers, ensuring accurate phase-frequency detector operation. The
+ADF4371’s channel control manages the power state and frequency settings
+for each channel.
+
+Clock Control
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+The ``adf4371_clk_recalc_rate`` function recalculates and outputs the
+current frequency rate for a specified channel on the ADF4371 device. It
+checks if the specified channel number is valid, invokes
+``adf4371_pll_fract_n_get_rate`` to obtain the recalculated rate, and
+stores it in the provided location. It returns 0 on success or -1 if the
+channel is invalid.
+
+The ``adf4371_clk_round_rate`` function sets the desired frequency to
+the closest achievable rate. It directly assigns the input rate to the
+location pointed to by ``rounded_rate`` and consistently returns 0,
+indicating success. Meanwhile, ``adf4371_clk_set_rate`` aims to adjust
+the output frequency for a specified channel. It checks for valid
+channel inputs before calling ``adf4371_set_freq`` to set the new
+frequency, returning the outcome of this operation, which is 0 for
+success and -1 if the channel is invalid.
+
+Driver Initialization Example
+-----------------------------
+
+.. code-block:: C
+
+   #include "no_os_spi.h" 
+   #include "xilinx_spi.h" 
+   #include "adf4371.h" 
+   #include "parameters.h" 
+    
+
+   #define MULTIDEVICE_INSTANCE_COUNT  1 
+   #define ADF4371_CS                  0 
+    
+
+   /* ADF4371 channel specifications */ 
+   struct adf4371_chan_spec adf_chan_spec[1] = { 
+       { 
+           .num = 2, 
+           .power_up_frequency = 12000000000, 
+       } 
+   }; 
+    
+
+   /* SPI initialization parameters */ 
+   struct no_os_spi_init_param clkchip_spi_init_param = { 
+       .device_id = 1, 
+       .max_speed_hz = 1000000, 
+       .mode = NO_OS_SPI_MODE_0, 
+       .chip_select = ADF4371_CS, 
+       .platform_ops = &xil_spi_ops, 
+       .extra = NULL 
+   }; 
+    
+
+   /* ADF4371 initialization parameters */ 
+   struct adf4371_init_param adf4371_param = { 
+       .spi_init = &clkchip_spi_init_param, 
+       .spi_3wire_enable = true, 
+       .clkin_frequency = 50000000, 
+       .muxout_select = 1, 
+       .num_channels = 1, 
+       .channels = adf_chan_spec 
+   }; 
+    
+
+   int main(void) { 
+       int32_t ret; 
+       struct adf4371_dev* adf4371_dev[MULTIDEVICE_INSTANCE_COUNT]; 
+       struct no_os_clk_hw adf4371_hw[MULTIDEVICE_INSTANCE_COUNT]; 
+    
+
+   for (int i = 0; i < MULTIDEVICE_INSTANCE_COUNT; i++) { 
+           ret = adf4371_init(&adf4371_dev[i], &adf4371_param); 
+           if (ret) { 
+               return ret; // Initialization failed 
+           } 
+           // Additional configuration or operations with adf4371_dev[i] can be performed here 
+       } 
+    
+
+   return 0; // Successful execution 
+   }