diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1e279f6..f43e8e3 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -78,6 +78,36 @@ npm install
 2. Update the `.env` file in `nsc-events-nestjs` with your PostgreSQL credentials
 3. The database tables will be automatically created when you start the backend
 
+### Database Seeding
+
+Once both the backend and the database are running, you can populate the database with sample data for development:
+
+```bash
+# Seed both users and events (recommended — runs users first, then events)
+npm run seed:all
+
+# Seed only sample users (admin, creator, and regular user accounts)
+npm run seed:users
+
+# Seed only sample events (requires the seed creator account to exist)
+npm run seed
+```
+
+The seed scripts connect to the NestJS API (default: `http://localhost:3000/api`). Override the target with the `PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL` environment variable if your backend is on a different port.
+
+**Seeded accounts**
+
+| Email | Password | Role |
+|-------|----------|------|
+| `admin@nsc.dev` | `admin@admin123` | admin |
+| `admin2@nsc.dev` | `Admin2@dev456` | admin |
+| `seed-creator@nsc.dev` | `Seed@Creator123` | creator |
+| `user@nsc.dev` | `User@Alex123` | user |
+| `user2@nsc.dev` | `User@Sam456` | user |
+| `user3@nsc.dev` | `User@Jordan789` | user |
+
+> **Note:** These accounts are for local development only. Do not use these credentials in production environments.
+
 ### Running the Applications
 
 **Backend:**
diff --git a/e2e/fixtures/auth.ts b/e2e/fixtures/auth.ts
index 4bd0d79..a964f5a 100644
--- a/e2e/fixtures/auth.ts
+++ b/e2e/fixtures/auth.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,30 @@
 import { test as base, expect } from '@playwright/test';
 import { ApiClient } from '../utils/api-client';
 
+const ADMIN_API_URL =
+  process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost:3000/api";
+const ADMIN_CREDENTIALS = {
+  email: "admin@nsc.dev",
+  password: "admin@admin123",
+};
+
+/** Returns an ApiClient authenticated as the seed admin. Best-effort — returns null if login fails. */
+async function getAdminClient(): Promise<ApiClient | null> {
+  try {
+    const adminClient = new ApiClient(ADMIN_API_URL);
+    const res = await adminClient.login(
+      ADMIN_CREDENTIALS.email,
+      ADMIN_CREDENTIALS.password,
+    );
+    const token = res.data?.token || res.data?.data?.token;
+    if (!token) return null;
+    adminClient.setToken(token);
+    return adminClient;
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
 type AuthFixtures = {
   authenticatedPage: {
     page: any;
@@ -36,7 +60,10 @@ export const test = base.extend<AuthFixtures>({
       );
 
       // Login to get token
-      const loginResponse = await apiClient.login(testUser.email, testUser.password);
+      const loginResponse = await apiClient.login(
+        testUser.email,
+        testUser.password,
+      );
       const token = loginResponse.data.access_token;
 
       apiClient.setToken(token);
@@ -44,23 +71,26 @@ export const test = base.extend<AuthFixtures>({
       // Set authentication context in page
       await page.context().addCookies([
         {
-          name: 'next-auth.session-token',
+          name: "next-auth.session-token",
           value: token,
-          domain: 'localhost',
-          path: '/',
+          domain: "localhost",
+          path: "/",
           httpOnly: true,
           secure: false,
-          sameSite: 'Lax',
+          sameSite: "Lax",
         },
       ]);
 
       // Store token in localStorage
-      await page.goto('/');
-      await page.evaluate(({ tokenValue }) => {
-        if (tokenValue) {
-          localStorage.setItem('authToken', tokenValue);
-        }
-      }, { tokenValue: token });
+      await page.goto("/");
+      await page.evaluate(
+        ({ tokenValue }) => {
+          if (tokenValue) {
+            localStorage.setItem("authToken", tokenValue);
+          }
+        },
+        { tokenValue: token },
+      );
 
       const user = signupResponse.data.user || loginResponse.data.user;
 
@@ -69,6 +99,24 @@ export const test = base.extend<AuthFixtures>({
         apiClient,
         user,
       });
+
+      // ── Cleanup: delete the test user via admin account ──────────────────
+      try {
+        const adminClient = await getAdminClient();
+        if (adminClient) {
+          // Resolve user ID (may come from signup or login response)
+          let userId: string | undefined = user?.id;
+          if (!userId) {
+            const found = await adminClient.getUserByEmail(testUser.email);
+            userId = found.data?.id || found.data?.data?.id;
+          }
+          if (userId) {
+            await adminClient.deleteUser(userId);
+          }
+        }
+      } catch {
+        // Best-effort — global teardown will sweep any stragglers
+      }
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Failed to set up authenticated user:', error);
       throw error;
diff --git a/e2e/tests/event-management.spec.ts b/e2e/tests/event-management.spec.ts
index 39d22a0..294fb76 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/event-management.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/tests/event-management.spec.ts
@@ -62,6 +62,25 @@ test.describe("Event Management", () => {
     createdEventIds = [];
   });
 
+  test.afterAll(async () => {
+    // Delete the test creator user via admin account
+    if (!userId) return;
+    try {
+      const adminClient = new ApiClient();
+      const loginRes = await adminClient.login(
+        "admin@nsc.dev",
+        "admin@admin123",
+      );
+      const adminToken = loginRes.data?.token || loginRes.data?.data?.token;
+      if (adminToken) {
+        adminClient.setToken(adminToken);
+        await adminClient.deleteUser(userId);
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Best-effort — global teardown will handle any remaining test users
+    }
+  });
+
   test("should create a new event via UI and redirect to event detail", async ({ page, browserName }) => {
     // Skip on Mobile Chrome due to MUI DatePicker mobile dialog interaction complexity
     test.skip(browserName === "chromium" && test.info().project.name === "Mobile Chrome",
diff --git a/e2e/tests/event-registration.spec.ts b/e2e/tests/event-registration.spec.ts
index 2bc2281..c9083fc 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/event-registration.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/tests/event-registration.spec.ts
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ async function signupWithRetry(page, data, attempts = 3) {
 test.describe('Event Registration', () => {
   let userToken: string;
   let eventId: string;
+  let userId: string;
 
   test.beforeAll(async ({ browser }) => {
     // Setup: Create user and event for registration tests
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ test.describe('Event Registration', () => {
     if (signupResponse.ok()) {
       const data = await signupResponse.json();
       userToken = data.token;
+      userId = data.user?.id || data.data?.user?.id;
 
       // Create an event
       const createEventResponse = await page.request.post('http://localhost/api/event-registration', {
@@ -63,6 +65,46 @@ test.describe('Event Registration', () => {
     await page.close();
   });
 
+  test.afterAll(async ({ browser }) => {
+    const page = await browser.newPage();
+    try {
+      // Delete the test event
+      if (eventId && userToken) {
+        await page.request.delete(
+          `http://localhost:3000/api/events/remove/${eventId}`,
+          {
+            headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${userToken}` },
+          },
+        );
+      }
+      // Delete the test user via admin
+      if (userId) {
+        const adminRes = await page.request.post(
+          "http://localhost:3000/api/auth/login",
+          {
+            data: { email: "admin@nsc.dev", password: "admin@admin123" },
+          },
+        );
+        if (adminRes.ok()) {
+          const adminData = await adminRes.json();
+          const adminToken = adminData.token || adminData.data?.token;
+          if (adminToken) {
+            await page.request.delete(
+              `http://localhost:3000/api/users/remove/${userId}`,
+              {
+                headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${adminToken}` },
+              },
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Best-effort — global teardown will handle stragglers
+    } finally {
+      await page.close();
+    }
+  });
+
   test('should register for an event', async ({ page }) => {
     if (!userToken || !eventId) {
       test.skip(true, 'Test setup failed to create user or event');
diff --git a/e2e/tests/user-management.spec.ts b/e2e/tests/user-management.spec.ts
index 9d3b901..9d1f03f 100644
--- a/e2e/tests/user-management.spec.ts
+++ b/e2e/tests/user-management.spec.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ async function setAuthToken(page: Page, token: string): Promise<void> {
 test.describe('User Management & Admin Functions', () => {
   let adminToken: string;
   let testUserId: string;
+  let testAdminUserId: string;
 
   test.beforeAll(async ({ browser }) => {
     // Setup: Create admin user
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ test.describe('User Management & Admin Functions', () => {
     if (signupResponse.ok()) {
       const data = await signupResponse.json();
       adminToken = data.token;
+      testAdminUserId = data.user?.id || data.data?.user?.id;
 
       // Create a regular user for role management tests
       const regularUser = generateTestUser();
@@ -54,6 +56,43 @@ test.describe('User Management & Admin Functions', () => {
     await page.close();
   });
 
+  test.afterAll(async ({ browser }) => {
+    const page = await browser.newPage();
+    try {
+      const adminRes = await page.request.post(
+        "http://localhost:3000/api/auth/login",
+        {
+          data: { email: "admin@nsc.dev", password: "admin@admin123" },
+        },
+      );
+      if (adminRes.ok()) {
+        const adminData = await adminRes.json();
+        const seedAdminToken = adminData.token || adminData.data?.token;
+        if (seedAdminToken) {
+          const headers = { Authorization: `Bearer ${seedAdminToken}` };
+          // Delete regular test user
+          if (testUserId) {
+            await page.request.delete(
+              `http://localhost:3000/api/users/remove/${testUserId}`,
+              { headers },
+            );
+          }
+          // Delete the test admin user created by this suite
+          if (testAdminUserId) {
+            await page.request.delete(
+              `http://localhost:3000/api/users/remove/${testAdminUserId}`,
+              { headers },
+            );
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    } catch {
+      // Best-effort — global teardown will handle stragglers
+    } finally {
+      await page.close();
+    }
+  });
+
   test('should view user profile', async ({ page, browserName }) => {
     // Skip on Firefox due to CORS issues with API calls in authenticated context
     test.skip(browserName === "firefox",
diff --git a/e2e/utils/api-client.ts b/e2e/utils/api-client.ts
index 2b5742b..ff62b10 100644
--- a/e2e/utils/api-client.ts
+++ b/e2e/utils/api-client.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,9 @@ export class ApiClient {
   private client: AxiosInstance;
   private token: string | null = null;
 
-  constructor(baseURL: string = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost/api") {
+  constructor(
+    baseURL: string = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost/api",
+  ) {
     this.client = axios.create({
       baseURL,
       headers: {
@@ -28,7 +30,7 @@ export class ApiClient {
     firstName: string,
     lastName: string,
     pronouns: string = "they/them",
-    role: string = "user"
+    role: string = "user",
   ) {
     return this.client.post("/auth/signup", {
       email,
@@ -91,6 +93,24 @@ export class ApiClient {
     this.token = null;
     delete this.client.defaults.headers.common["Authorization"];
   }
+
+  // ─── Admin helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+  async getAllUsers() {
+    return this.client.get("/users");
+  }
+
+  async getUserByEmail(email: string) {
+    return this.client.get(`/users/email/${encodeURIComponent(email)}`);
+  }
+
+  async deleteUser(id: string) {
+    return this.client.delete(`/users/remove/${id}`);
+  }
+
+  async getAllEvents(limit = 500) {
+    return this.client.get(`/events?numberOfEventsToGet=${limit}`);
+  }
 }
 
 export const createApiClient = () => new ApiClient();
diff --git a/e2e/utils/global-teardown.ts b/e2e/utils/global-teardown.ts
index 7a2a171..24bffed 100644
--- a/e2e/utils/global-teardown.ts
+++ b/e2e/utils/global-teardown.ts
@@ -1,17 +1,134 @@
 import { execSync } from "child_process";
 
+import axios from "axios";
+
+/**
+ * Global teardown — removes all data created by Playwright during the test run.
+ *
+ * Strategy:
+ *   1. Log in as the seed admin account.
+ *   2. Fetch all users whose email ends in "@example.com" (the domain used by
+ *      every test-data generator in this suite).
+ *   3. Delete their events first (activities use SET NULL on creator delete,
+ *      so we must remove events before users to avoid orphaned rows).
+ *   4. Delete the test users.
+ *
+ * Seed users (@nsc.dev) are never touched.
+ */
+
+const API = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost:3000/api";
+const ADMIN_CREDENTIALS = {
+  email: "admin@nsc.dev",
+  password: "admin@admin123",
+};
+const TEST_EMAIL_DOMAIN = "@example.com";
+
 async function globalTeardown() {
   console.log("Starting global teardown...");
 
+  // ── 1. Obtain admin token ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  let adminToken: string;
+  try {
+    const res = await axios.post(`${API}/auth/login`, ADMIN_CREDENTIALS);
+    adminToken = res.data?.token || res.data?.data?.token;
+    if (!adminToken) throw new Error("No token in login response");
+  } catch (err: any) {
+    console.error(
+      "  ✗ Could not obtain admin token for teardown:",
+      err.message,
+    );
+    console.log("  Skipping teardown — seed admin account may not exist yet.");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const client = axios.create({
+    baseURL: API,
+    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${adminToken}` },
+  });
+
+  // ── 2. Fetch all users and filter to test accounts ─────────────────────────
+  let testUsers: any[] = [];
+  try {
+    const res = await client.get("/users");
+    const allUsers: any[] = res.data?.data || res.data || [];
+    testUsers = allUsers.filter(
+      (u: any) =>
+        typeof u.email === "string" && u.email.endsWith(TEST_EMAIL_DOMAIN),
+    );
+  } catch (err: any) {
+    console.error("  ✗ Could not fetch users:", err.message);
+    return;
+  }
+
+  if (testUsers.length === 0) {
+    console.log("  ~ No test users found — nothing to clean up.");
+    console.log("Global teardown completed\n");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const testUserIds = new Set<string>(testUsers.map((u: any) => u.id));
+  console.log(`  Found ${testUsers.length} test user(s) to remove`);
+
+  // ── 3. Delete events created by test users ─────────────────────────────────
+  let deletedEvents = 0;
   try {
-    execSync("docker compose down --volumes --remove-orphans", {
-      stdio: "inherit",
-    });
-    console.log("Global teardown completed successfully");
-  } catch (error) {
-    console.error("Global teardown failed:", error);
-    throw error;
+    const eventsRes = await client.get(`/events?numberOfEventsToGet=500`);
+    // API may wrap in data.events, data.data, or return array directly
+    const raw = eventsRes.data;
+    const events: any[] =
+      raw?.data?.events ?? raw?.events ?? (Array.isArray(raw) ? raw : []);
+
+    for (const event of events) {
+      const creatorId: string | undefined =
+        event.createdByUserId ?? event.creatorId ?? event.createdByUser?.id;
+
+      if (creatorId && testUserIds.has(creatorId)) {
+        try {
+          await client.delete(`/events/remove/${event.id}`);
+          deletedEvents++;
+        } catch {
+          // Already deleted or not found — ignore
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  } catch (err: any) {
+    console.error("  ✗ Could not fetch/delete events:", err.message);
+    // Continue to user deletion even if event cleanup partial
   }
+
+  // ── 4. Delete test users ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+  let deletedUsers = 0;
+  for (const user of testUsers) {
+    try {
+      await client.delete(`/users/remove/${user.id}`);
+      deletedUsers++;
+    } catch (err: any) {
+      console.error(
+        `  ✗ Could not delete user "${user.email}":`,
+        err.response?.data?.message ?? err.message,
+      );
+    }
+  }
+
+  console.log(
+    `  ✓ Removed ${deletedEvents} event(s) and ${deletedUsers}/${testUsers.length} user(s)`,
+  );
+
+  // (optional) -- Remove docker containers -----------------------------------------------
+  // try {
+  //   execSync("docker compose down --volumes --remove-orphans", {
+  //     stdio: "inherit",
+  //   });
+  //   console.log("Global teardown completed successfully");
+  // } catch (error) {
+  //   console.error("Global teardown failed:", error);
+  //   throw error;
+  // }
+  // console.log(
+  //   "\nRunning global teardown — cleaning up Playwright test data...",
+  // );
+
+  console.log("Global teardown completed\n");
 }
 
 export default globalTeardown;
diff --git a/package-lock.json b/package-lock.json
index fa34263..700ef9c 100644
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -882,7 +882,7 @@
     "node_modules/@babel/core": {
       "version": "7.28.5",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/code-frame": "^7.27.1",
         "@babel/generator": "^7.28.5",
@@ -1432,7 +1432,7 @@
           "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       },
@@ -1471,7 +1471,7 @@
           "url": "https://opencollective.com/csstools"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       }
@@ -1568,7 +1568,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@emotion/cache": {
       "version": "11.13.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emotion/cache/-/cache-11.13.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-iqouYkuEblRcXmylXIwwOodiEK5Ifl7JcX7o6V4jI3iW4mLXX3dmt5xwBtIkJiQEXFAI+pC8X0i67yiPkH9Ucw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@emotion/memoize": "^0.9.0",
         "@emotion/sheet": "^1.4.0",
@@ -1594,7 +1596,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@emotion/react": {
       "version": "11.14.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emotion/react/-/react-11.14.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-O000MLDBDdk/EohJPFUqvnp4qnHeYkVP5B0xEG0D/L7cOKP9kefu2DXn8dj74cQfsEzUqh+sr1RzFqiL1o+PpA==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/runtime": "^7.18.3",
         "@emotion/babel-plugin": "^11.13.5",
@@ -1642,7 +1646,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@emotion/styled": {
       "version": "11.14.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@emotion/styled/-/styled-11.14.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-qEEJt42DuToa3gurlH4Qqc1kVpNq8wO8cJtDzU46TjlzWjDlsVyevtYCRijVq3SrHsROS+gVQ8Fnea108GnKzw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/runtime": "^7.18.3",
         "@emotion/babel-plugin": "^11.13.5",
@@ -2642,7 +2648,7 @@
     "node_modules/@jest/transform": {
       "version": "29.7.0",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/core": "^7.11.6",
         "@jest/types": "^29.6.3",
@@ -2672,7 +2678,7 @@
     "node_modules/@jest/types": {
       "version": "29.6.3",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@jest/schemas": "^29.6.3",
         "@types/istanbul-lib-coverage": "^2.0.0",
@@ -2793,7 +2799,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/@mui/material": {
       "version": "5.18.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@mui/material/-/material-5.18.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bbH/HaJZpFtXGvWg3TsBWG4eyt3gah3E7nCNU8GLyRjVoWcA91Vm/T+sjHfUcwgJSw9iLtucfHBoq+qW/T30aA==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@babel/runtime": "^7.23.9",
         "@mui/core-downloads-tracker": "^5.18.0",
@@ -3210,9 +3218,215 @@
         "node": ">=6"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/@napi-rs/wasm-runtime": {
+      "version": "0.2.12",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@napi-rs/wasm-runtime/-/wasm-runtime-0.2.12.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ZVWUcfwY4E/yPitQJl481FjFo3K22D6qF0DuFH6Y/nbnE11GY5uguDxZMGXPQ8WQ0128MXQD7TnfHyK4oWoIJQ==",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@emnapi/core": "^1.4.3",
+        "@emnapi/runtime": "^1.4.3",
+        "@tybys/wasm-util": "^0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/@nestjs/cli": {
+      "version": "10.4.9",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@nestjs/cli/-/cli-10.4.9.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-s8qYd97bggqeK7Op3iD49X2MpFtW4LVNLAwXFkfbRxKME6IYT7X0muNTJ2+QfI8hpbNx9isWkrLWIp+g5FOhiA==",
+      "dev": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "@angular-devkit/core": "17.3.11",
+        "@angular-devkit/schematics": "17.3.11",
+        "@angular-devkit/schematics-cli": "17.3.11",
+        "@nestjs/schematics": "^10.0.1",
+        "chalk": "4.1.2",
+        "chokidar": "3.6.0",
+        "cli-table3": "0.6.5",
+        "commander": "4.1.1",
+        "fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin": "9.0.2",
+        "glob": "10.4.5",
+        "inquirer": "8.2.6",
+        "node-emoji": "1.11.0",
+        "ora": "5.4.1",
+        "tree-kill": "1.2.2",
+        "tsconfig-paths": "4.2.0",
+        "tsconfig-paths-webpack-plugin": "4.2.0",
+        "typescript": "5.7.2",
+        "webpack": "5.97.1",
+        "webpack-node-externals": "3.0.0"
+      },
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-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/finalhandler/-/finalhandler-2.1.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-/t88Ty3d5JWQbWYgaOGCCYfXRwV1+be02WqYYlL6h0lEiUAMPM8o8qKGO01YIkOHzka2up08wvgYD0mDiI+q3Q==",
       "dependencies": {
         "debug": "^4.4.0",
         "encodeurl": "^2.0.0",
@@ -9081,8 +9316,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/fresh": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fresh/-/fresh-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Rx/WycZ60HOaqLKAi6cHRKKI7zxWbJ31MhntmtwMoaTeF7XFH9hhBp8vITaMidfljRQ6eYWCKkaTK+ykVJHP2A==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
@@ -10154,8 +10389,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/is-promise": {
       "version": "4.0.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-promise/-/is-promise-4.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hvpoI6korhJMnej285dSg6nu1+e6uxs7zG3BYAm5byqDsgJNWwxzM6z6iZiAgQR4TJ30JmBTOwqZUw3WlyH3AQ=="
     },
     "node_modules/is-regex": {
       "version": "1.2.1",
@@ -10425,7 +10660,7 @@
     "node_modules/jest": {
       "version": "29.7.0",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@jest/core": "^29.7.0",
         "@jest/types": "^29.6.3",
@@ -11557,7 +11792,7 @@
     "node_modules/jsdom": {
       "version": "27.2.0",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@acemir/cssom": "^0.9.23",
         "@asamuzakjp/dom-selector": "^6.7.4",
@@ -12125,8 +12360,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/merge-descriptors": {
       "version": "2.0.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/merge-descriptors/-/merge-descriptors-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Snk314V5ayFLhp3fkUREub6WtjBfPdCPY1Ln8/8munuLuiYhsABgBVWsozAG+MWMbVEvcdcpbi9R7ww22l9Q3g==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=18"
       },
@@ -12177,16 +12412,16 @@
     },
     "node_modules/mime-db": {
       "version": "1.54.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-db/-/mime-db-1.54.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-aU5EJuIN2WDemCcAp2vFBfp/m4EAhWJnUNSSw0ixs7/kXbd6Pg64EmwJkNdFhB8aWt1sH2CTXrLxo/iAGV3oPQ==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
     },
     "node_modules/mime-types": {
       "version": "3.0.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/mime-types/-/mime-types-3.0.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-xRc4oEhT6eaBpU1XF7AjpOFD+xQmXNB5OVKwp4tqCuBpHLS/ZbBDrc07mYTDqVMg6PfxUjjNp85O6Cd2Z/5HWA==",
       "dependencies": {
         "mime-db": "^1.54.0"
       },
@@ -12358,8 +12593,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/negotiator": {
       "version": "1.0.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/negotiator/-/negotiator-1.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-8Ofs/AUQh8MaEcrlq5xOX0CQ9ypTF5dl78mjlMNfOK08fzpgTHQRQPBxcPlEtIw0yRpws+Zo/3r+5WRby7u3Gg==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
@@ -12382,7 +12617,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/next": {
       "version": "14.2.33",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/next/-/next-14.2.33.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-GiKHLsD00t4ACm1p00VgrI0rUFAC9cRDGReKyERlM57aeEZkOQGcZTpIbsGn0b562FTPJWmYfKwplfO9EaT6ng==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@next/env": "14.2.33",
         "@swc/helpers": "0.5.5",
@@ -13019,7 +13256,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/passport": {
       "version": "0.6.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/passport/-/passport-0.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-0fe+p3ZnrWRW74fe8+SvCyf4a3Pb2/h7gFkQ8yTJpAO50gDzlfjZUZTO1k5Eg9kUct22OxHLqDZoKUWRHOh9ug==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "passport-strategy": "1.x.x",
         "pause": "0.0.1",
@@ -13111,7 +13350,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/pg": {
       "version": "8.16.3",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/pg/-/pg-8.16.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-enxc1h0jA/aq5oSDMvqyW3q89ra6XIIDZgCX9vkMrnz5DFTw/Ny3Li2lFQ+pt3L6MCgm/5o2o8HW9hiJji+xvw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "pg-connection-string": "^2.9.1",
         "pg-pool": "^3.10.1",
@@ -13350,7 +13591,7 @@
           "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/ai"
         }
       ],
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "nanoid": "^3.3.11",
         "picocolors": "^1.1.1",
@@ -13512,7 +13753,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/preact": {
       "version": "10.27.2",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/preact/-/preact-10.27.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5SYSgFKSyhCbk6SrXyMpqjb5+MQBgfvEKE/OC+PujcY34sOpqtr+0AZQtPYx5IA6VxynQ7rUPCtKzyovpj9Bpg==",
+      "peer": true,
       "funding": {
         "type": "opencollective",
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/preact"
@@ -13542,7 +13785,7 @@
     "node_modules/prettier": {
       "version": "2.8.8",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "prettier": "bin-prettier.js"
       },
@@ -13724,7 +13967,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/react": {
       "version": "18.3.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react/-/react-18.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-wS+hAgJShR0KhEvPJArfuPVN1+Hz1t0Y6n5jLrGQbkb4urgPE/0Rve+1kMB1v/oWgHgm4WIcV+i7F2pTVj+2iQ==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0"
       },
@@ -13780,7 +14025,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/react-dom": {
       "version": "18.3.1",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-dom/-/react-dom-18.3.1.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5m4nQKp+rZRb09LNH59GM4BxTh9251/ylbKIbpe7TpGxfJ+9kv6BLkLBXIjjspbgbnIBNqlI23tRnTWT0snUIw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "loose-envify": "^1.1.0",
         "scheduler": "^0.23.2"
@@ -14147,8 +14394,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/router": {
       "version": "2.2.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/router/-/router-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-nLTrUKm2UyiL7rlhapu/Zl45FwNgkZGaCpZbIHajDYgwlJCOzLSk+cIPAnsEqV955GjILJnKbdQC1nVPz+gAYQ==",
       "dependencies": {
         "debug": "^4.4.0",
         "depd": "^2.0.0",
@@ -14162,8 +14409,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/router/node_modules/path-to-regexp": {
       "version": "8.3.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/path-to-regexp/-/path-to-regexp-8.3.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-7jdwVIRtsP8MYpdXSwOS0YdD0Du+qOoF/AEPIt88PcCFrZCzx41oxku1jD88hZBwbNUIEfpqvuhjFaMAqMTWnA==",
       "funding": {
         "type": "opencollective",
         "url": "https://opencollective.com/express"
@@ -14192,7 +14439,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/rxjs": {
       "version": "7.8.2",
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/rxjs/-/rxjs-7.8.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-dhKf903U/PQZY6boNNtAGdWbG85WAbjT/1xYoZIC7FAY0yWapOBQVsVrDl58W86//e1VpMNBtRV4MaXfdMySFA==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "tslib": "^2.1.0"
       }
@@ -14310,7 +14559,7 @@
     "node_modules/schema-utils/node_modules/ajv": {
       "version": "6.12.6",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "fast-deep-equal": "^3.1.1",
         "fast-json-stable-stringify": "^2.0.0",
@@ -14347,8 +14596,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/send": {
       "version": "1.2.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/send/-/send-1.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-uaW0WwXKpL9blXE2o0bRhoL2EGXIrZxQ2ZQ4mgcfoBxdFmQold+qWsD2jLrfZ0trjKL6vOw0j//eAwcALFjKSw==",
       "dependencies": {
         "debug": "^4.3.5",
         "encodeurl": "^2.0.0",
@@ -14376,8 +14625,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/serve-static": {
       "version": "2.2.0",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/serve-static/-/serve-static-2.2.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-61g9pCh0Vnh7IutZjtLGGpTA355+OPn2TyDv/6ivP2h/AdAVX9azsoxmg2/M6nZeQZNYBEwIcsne1mJd9oQItQ==",
       "dependencies": {
         "encodeurl": "^2.0.0",
         "escape-html": "^1.0.3",
@@ -14757,8 +15006,8 @@
     },
     "node_modules/statuses": {
       "version": "2.0.2",
-      "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/statuses/-/statuses-2.0.2.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-DvEy55V3DB7uknRo+4iOGT5fP1slR8wQohVdknigZPMpMstaKJQWhwiYBACJE3Ul2pTnATihhBYnRhZQHGBiRw==",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
@@ -15499,7 +15748,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/tinyglobby/node_modules/picomatch": {
       "version": "4.0.3",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/picomatch/-/picomatch-4.0.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-5gTmgEY/sqK6gFXLIsQNH19lWb4ebPDLA4SdLP7dsWkIXHWlG66oPuVvXSGFPppYZz8ZDZq0dYYrbHfBCVUb1Q==",
+      "peer": true,
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=12"
       },
@@ -15670,7 +15921,7 @@
     "node_modules/ts-node": {
       "version": "10.9.1",
       "devOptional": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@cspotcode/source-map-support": "^0.8.0",
         "@tsconfig/node10": "^1.0.7",
@@ -15898,7 +16149,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/typeorm": {
       "version": "0.3.27",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typeorm/-/typeorm-0.3.27.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-pNV1bn+1n8qEe8tUNsNdD8ejuPcMAg47u2lUGnbsajiNUr3p2Js1XLKQjBMH0yMRMDfdX8T+fIRejFmIwy9x4A==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@sqltools/formatter": "^1.2.5",
         "ansis": "^3.17.0",
@@ -15998,7 +16251,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/typescript": {
       "version": "5.6.3",
-      "license": "Apache-2.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/typescript/-/typescript-5.6.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-hjcS1mhfuyi4WW8IWtjP7brDrG2cuDZukyrYrSauoXGNgx0S7zceP07adYkJycEr56BOUTNPzbInooiN3fn1qw==",
+      "peer": true,
       "bin": {
         "tsc": "bin/tsc",
         "tsserver": "bin/tsserver"
@@ -16322,7 +16577,6 @@
     "node_modules/webpack/node_modules/mime-db": {
       "version": "1.52.0",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">= 0.6"
       }
@@ -16330,7 +16584,6 @@
     "node_modules/webpack/node_modules/mime-types": {
       "version": "2.1.35",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "mime-db": "1.52.0"
       },
@@ -16341,7 +16594,6 @@
     "node_modules/webpack/node_modules/schema-utils": {
       "version": "4.3.3",
       "dev": true,
-      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "@types/json-schema": "^7.0.9",
         "ajv": "^8.9.0",
@@ -16529,7 +16781,9 @@
     },
     "node_modules/winston": {
       "version": "3.18.3",
-      "license": "MIT",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/winston/-/winston-3.18.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-NoBZauFNNWENgsnC9YpgyYwOVrl2m58PpQ8lNHjV3kosGs7KJ7Npk9pCUE+WJlawVSe8mykWDKWFSVfs3QO9ww==",
+      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "@colors/colors": "^1.6.0",
         "@dabh/diagnostics": "^2.0.8",
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 335629f..2f31e7b 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -29,7 +29,10 @@
     "test:e2e:codegen": "playwright codegen http://localhost",
     "test:all": "npm run test && npm run test:e2e",
     "docker": "docker compose down --rmi all --volumes --remove-orphans && docker compose build --no-cache && docker compose up -d",
-    "docker:watch": "npm run docker && docker compose logs -f nestjs"
+    "docker:watch": "npm run docker && docker compose logs -f nestjs",
+    "seed": "node scripts/events-seed.js",
+    "seed:users": "node scripts/users-seed.js",
+    "seed:all": "npm run seed:users && npm run seed"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "@playwright/test": "^1.57.0",
diff --git a/playwright.config.ts b/playwright.config.ts
index a31632d..ace2320 100644
--- a/playwright.config.ts
+++ b/playwright.config.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { defineConfig, devices } from '@playwright/test';
+import { defineConfig, devices } from "@playwright/test";
 
 const baseURL = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_BASE_URL || "http://localhost";
 
@@ -42,7 +42,8 @@ export default defineConfig({
 
   // Ensures a clean environment before every run — wipes volumes, rebuilds from scratch
   webServer: {
-    command: "docker compose down --volumes --remove-orphans && docker compose up -d && tail -f /dev/null",
+    command:
+      "docker compose down --volumes --remove-orphans && docker compose up -d && tail -f /dev/null",
     url: "http://localhost",
     reuseExistingServer: !process.env.CI, // CI always starts fresh; local dev may reuse
     timeout: 240000,
diff --git a/scripts/events-seed.js b/scripts/events-seed.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a032ab1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/events-seed.js
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/**
+ * Seed script — populates the local database with sample events.
+ *
+ * Usage (from repo root):
+ *   npm run seed
+ *
+ * Requires the NestJS backend to be running on port 3000.
+ * A seed creator account is created (or reused if it already exists).
+ */
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+const axios = require("axios");
+
+const API = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost:3000/api";
+
+const SEED_USER = {
+  email: "seed-creator@nsc.dev",
+  password: "Seed@Creator123",
+  firstName: "Seed",
+  lastName: "Creator",
+  pronouns: "they/them",
+  role: "creator",
+};
+
+// ─── Event templates ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const today = new Date();
+function d(daysOffset, hour = 9) {
+  const dt = new Date(today);
+  dt.setDate(dt.getDate() + daysOffset);
+  dt.setHours(hour, 0, 0, 0);
+  return dt.toISOString();
+}
+
+const EVENTS = [
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Web Dev Workshop: Next.js 15 Deep Dive",
+    eventDescription:
+      "An in-depth hands-on workshop covering the latest features in Next.js 15, including server actions, partial pre-rendering, and the new caching model.",
+    startDate: d(3, 10),
+    endDate: d(3, 13),
+    eventLocation: "Building A, Room 201",
+    eventHost: "NSC Web Dev Club",
+    eventCapacity: "40",
+    eventContact: "webdev@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["Tech", "Workshop", "Web"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    eventSchedule: "10:00 AM – Intro\n11:00 AM – Hands-on Lab\n12:00 PM – Q&A",
+    eventSpeakers: ["Jane Smith"],
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Cloud & AWS Study Group – S3 & IAM",
+    eventDescription:
+      "Study group focused on AWS fundamentals: S3 bucket policies, IAM roles, and access points. Bring your laptop.",
+    startDate: d(5, 14),
+    endDate: d(5, 16),
+    eventLocation: "Library, Study Room 4",
+    eventHost: "NSC Cloud Club",
+    eventCapacity: "20",
+    eventContact: "cloud@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["AWS", "Cloud", "Study Group"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Spring Career Fair 2026",
+    eventDescription:
+      "Meet recruiters from 30+ tech companies. Bring printed résumés. Business casual dress required.",
+    startDate: d(10, 9),
+    endDate: d(10, 17),
+    eventLocation: "Main Campus Gymnasium",
+    eventHost: "NSC Career Services",
+    eventCapacity: "300",
+    eventContact: "careers@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["Career", "Networking"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Hackathon: Build for Good",
+    eventDescription:
+      "24-hour hackathon with prizes. Build a project that addresses a real community need. Teams of 2–4.",
+    startDate: d(14, 8),
+    endDate: d(15, 8),
+    eventLocation: "Innovation Hub, Floor 3",
+    eventHost: "NSC ACM Chapter",
+    eventCapacity: "80",
+    eventContact: "acm@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["Hackathon", "Tech", "Community"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    eventSchedule:
+      "Day 1 08:00 – Kickoff\nDay 2 08:00 – Presentations\nDay 2 10:00 – Awards",
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Intro to Machine Learning",
+    eventDescription:
+      "Beginner-friendly seminar covering supervised vs. unsupervised learning, common algorithms, and a live Python demo.",
+    startDate: d(7, 15),
+    endDate: d(7, 17),
+    eventLocation: "Science Hall, Room 110",
+    eventHost: "NSC AI Club",
+    eventCapacity: "60",
+    eventContact: "ai@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["AI", "Python", "Workshop"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    eventSpeakers: ["Dr. Alice Chen", "Bob Tanaka"],
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+  {
+    eventTitle: "Open Source Contribution Day",
+    eventDescription:
+      "Find a project, open a PR, get mentored. All skill levels welcome. Coffee and snacks provided.",
+    startDate: d(21, 10),
+    endDate: d(21, 14),
+    eventLocation: "CS Building, Open Lab",
+    eventHost: "NSC Open Source Club",
+    eventCapacity: "50",
+    eventContact: "opensource@nsc.dev",
+    tagNames: ["Open Source", "Git", "Community"],
+    eventPrivacy: "Public",
+    isHidden: false,
+    isArchived: false,
+  },
+];
+
+// ─── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async function getToken() {
+  // Try existing seed account first
+  try {
+    const res = await axios.post(`${API}/auth/login`, {
+      email: SEED_USER.email,
+      password: SEED_USER.password,
+    });
+    const token = res.data?.token || res.data?.data?.token;
+    if (token) {
+      console.log("✓ Logged in as existing seed user");
+      return token;
+    }
+  } catch {
+    // User doesn't exist yet — sign up below
+  }
+
+  const res = await axios.post(`${API}/auth/signup`, SEED_USER);
+  const token = res.data?.token || res.data?.data?.token;
+  if (!token) throw new Error("Signup succeeded but no token returned");
+  console.log("✓ Created seed user and logged in");
+  return token;
+}
+
+// ─── Main ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async function seed() {
+  console.log(`\nSeeding events against ${API}\n`);
+
+  let token;
+  try {
+    token = await getToken();
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error("✗ Auth failed:", err.response?.data ?? err.message);
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  const client = axios.create({
+    baseURL: API,
+    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${token}` },
+  });
+
+  let created = 0;
+  for (const event of EVENTS) {
+    try {
+      const res = await client.post("/events/new", event);
+      const id = res.data?.id || res.data?.data?.id;
+      console.log(`  ✓ "${event.eventTitle}" (id: ${id})`);
+      created++;
+    } catch (err) {
+      const msg = err.response?.data?.message ?? err.message;
+      console.error(`  ✗ "${event.eventTitle}" — ${JSON.stringify(msg)}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  console.log(`\nDone — ${created}/${EVENTS.length} events created.\n`);
+}
+
+seed();
diff --git a/scripts/users-seed.js b/scripts/users-seed.js
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..033fa92
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/users-seed.js
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+/**
+ * Seed script — populates the local database with sample user profiles.
+ *
+ * Usage (from repo root):
+ *   npm run seed:users
+ *
+ * Requires the NestJS backend to be running on port 3000.
+ * New accounts are created via POST /auth/signup. If the email is already in
+ * use (HTTP 409) the existing account is updated via PATCH /users/update/:id
+ * using an admin token.
+ */
+
+// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-var-requires
+const axios = require("axios");
+
+const API = process.env.PLAYWRIGHT_API_URL || "http://localhost:3000/api";
+
+// The admin entry in SEED_USERS is used to obtain a token for update calls.
+const ADMIN = { email: "admin@nsc.dev", password: "admin@admin123" };
+
+// ─── User templates ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+const SEED_USERS = [
+  {
+    email: "seed-creator@nsc.dev",
+    password: "Seed@Creator123",
+    firstName: "Seed",
+    lastName: "Creator",
+    pronouns: "they/them",
+    role: "creator",
+  },
+  {
+    email: "admin@nsc.dev",
+    password: "admin@admin123",
+    firstName: "Admin",
+    lastName: "TestAccount",
+    pronouns: "they/them",
+    role: "admin",
+  },
+  {
+    email: "admin2@nsc.dev",
+    password: "Admin2@dev456",
+    firstName: "Admin2",
+    lastName: "TestAccount",
+    pronouns: "they/them",
+    role: "admin",
+  },
+  {
+    email: "user@nsc.dev",
+    password: "User@Alex123",
+    firstName: "Alex",
+    lastName: "Rivera",
+    pronouns: "they/them",
+    role: "user",
+  },
+  {
+    email: "user2@nsc.dev",
+    password: "User@Sam456",
+    firstName: "Sam",
+    lastName: "Park",
+    pronouns: "she/her",
+    role: "user",
+  },
+  {
+    email: "user3@nsc.dev",
+    password: "User@Jordan789",
+    firstName: "Jordan",
+    lastName: "Lee",
+    pronouns: "they/them",
+    role: "user",
+  },
+];
+
+// ─── Helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async function getAdminToken() {
+  // Try logging in first
+  try {
+    const res = await axios.post(`${API}/auth/login`, ADMIN);
+    const token = res.data?.token || res.data?.data?.token;
+    if (token) return token;
+  } catch {
+    // Admin doesn't exist yet — will be created in the main loop
+  }
+  return null;
+}
+
+// ─── Main ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+async function seed() {
+  console.log(`\nSeeding users against ${API}\n`);
+
+  // Ensure admin exists before processing the full list so we have a token
+  // for any update calls that follow.
+  for (const user of SEED_USERS) {
+    if (user.email === ADMIN.email) {
+      try {
+        await axios.post(`${API}/auth/signup`, user);
+        console.log(`  ✓ Created "${user.email}" (role: ${user.role})`);
+      } catch {
+        // Signup failed — admin may already exist; getAdminToken() will login below.
+        console.log(
+          `  ~ Admin "${user.email}" already exists, skipping signup`,
+        );
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+
+  const adminToken = await getAdminToken();
+  if (!adminToken) {
+    console.error("  ✗ Could not obtain admin token — aborting.");
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
+
+  const client = axios.create({
+    baseURL: API,
+    headers: { Authorization: `Bearer ${adminToken}` },
+  });
+
+  let created = 0;
+  let updated = 0;
+  let failed = 0;
+
+  for (const user of SEED_USERS) {
+    if (user.email === ADMIN.email) continue; // already handled above
+
+    try {
+      await axios.post(`${API}/auth/signup`, user);
+      console.log(`  ✓ Created "${user.email}" (role: ${user.role})`);
+      created++;
+    } catch (err) {
+      const status = err.response?.status;
+      const message = err.response?.data?.message ?? err.message ?? "";
+      const alreadyExists =
+        status === 409 || message.toLowerCase().includes("already exists");
+
+      if (alreadyExists) {
+        // User exists — look up by email then patch
+        try {
+          const found = await client.get(
+            `/users/email/${encodeURIComponent(user.email)}`,
+          );
+          const id = found.data?.id || found.data?.data?.id;
+          await client.patch(`/users/update/${id}`, {
+            firstName: user.firstName,
+            lastName: user.lastName,
+            pronouns: user.pronouns,
+            role: user.role,
+          });
+          console.log(`  ↻ Updated "${user.email}" (role: ${user.role})`);
+          updated++;
+        } catch (updateErr) {
+          const msg = updateErr.response?.data?.message ?? updateErr.message;
+          console.error(
+            `  ✗ "${user.email}" update failed — ${JSON.stringify(msg)}`,
+          );
+          failed++;
+        }
+      } else {
+        console.error(`  ✗ "${user.email}" — ${JSON.stringify(message)}`);
+        failed++;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  console.log(
+    `\nDone — ${created} created, ${updated} updated, ${failed} failed.\n`,
+  );
+}
+
+seed();