[Variant] add strict mode to cast_to_variant (apache#8233)

# Which issue does this PR close?

- Closes apache#8155 .

# Rationale for this change

cast_to_variant will panic for values of Date64 / Timestamp that can not
be converted to NaiveDate

# What changes are included in this PR?

1. add new api :
`pub fn cast_to_variant_with_options(input: &dyn Array, strict: bool) ->
Result<VariantArray, ArrowError>`
- strict = true: Returns errors on conversion failures (default
behavior)
  - strict = false: Returns null values for failed conversions 
2. add some tests to test non-strict mode.
3. refactor: eliminate duplication in timestamp conversion using macro
# Are these changes tested?

Yes.

# Are there any user-facing changes?

no.

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Signed-off-by: codephage2020 <[email protected]>
Co-authored-by: Ryan Johnson <[email protected]>

Author: codephage2020