🌊 IoT Water Level Monitoring System

A smart, real-time solution for monitoring water levels remotely. Built with an ESP32 and an ultrasonic sensor, this project provides a reliable and cost-effective way to keep track of water levels in tanks, wells, or reservoirs from anywhere in the world.

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🎥 Project Showcase

Tonton Video Demo

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🎯 About The Project

In many residential and industrial settings, manual monitoring of water tanks is inefficient and prone to error, leading to potential water shortages or overflows. This project offers a definitive solution by automating the monitoring process. It leverages the power of the Internet of Things (IoT) to provide real-time data on water levels, accessible through a custom dashboard on your phone or web browser.

This system is perfect for:

• 🏡 Homeowners: Monitoring overhead or underground water tanks.
• 🌾 Farmers: Managing water levels in irrigation tanks.
• 🏭 Industries: Keeping track of liquid levels in storage containers.
• 💧 Communities: Monitoring water reservoirs for public supply.

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✨ Key Features

• Real-Time Data: Get instant updates on the water level.
• Remote Accessibility: Monitor your system from anywhere via a cloud-based dashboard.
• Pump Control: Manually or automatically control the water pump.
• Alerts & Notifications: Configure custom email alerts for critical water levels.
• Data Visualization: Analyze historical data through charts and logs to understand consumption patterns.
• Low Cost & Open Source: Built with affordable hardware and fully customizable software.

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🏛️ System Architecture

The workflow is as follows:

1. Input (Data Acquisition): An ultrasonic sensor placed above the water tank (Tangki Air) continuously measures the distance to the water's surface.
2. Processing: An ESP32 microcontroller reads the raw data from the sensor. It then processes this data to calculate the current water level and percentage.
3. Connectivity: The ESP32 connects to a local Wi-Fi network to gain internet access, acting as the bridge between the physical hardware and the cloud server.
4. Backend & Frontend Server: The processed data is transmitted over the internet to the Web Server. This server hosts both the backend and frontend applications.
   • The Backend is responsible for data storage, user authentication, pump control logic, and sending notifications.
   • The Frontend provides a user-friendly dashboard for real-time monitoring and interaction.
5. Output (User Interface): The end-user can access the web application from any device with a browser, such as a smartphone or PC. From the dashboard, the user can:
   • View Real-time Monitoring data.
   • Perform Pump Control.
   • Receive Notifications about the tank's status.
   • Review Data History.

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🛠️ Technology Stack

• Microcontroller: ESP32 Development Board
• Sensor: HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
• Firmware: C++ on the Arduino Framework
• Backend: Node.js, Express, MongoDB, Mongoose, WebSocket (ws)
• Frontend: Next.js, React, Tailwind CSS
• Cloud Platform: Deployed on any platform that supports Node.js (e.g., Vercel, Heroku, AWS).

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🚀 Getting Started

Follow these steps to set up the project.

Prerequisites

• Hardware:
  • ESP32 Development Board
  • HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor
  • Jumper Wires
  • 5V Power Supply (e.g., USB adapter)
• Software:
  • Arduino IDE installed.
  • ESP32 Board Core: Install the ESP32 board manager in your Arduino IDE. Follow this tutorial.
  • Node.js (for the backend)
  • MongoDB (or a MongoDB Atlas account)

Hardware Assembly

Connect the components as described below. It is crucial to ensure all connections are secure for accurate readings.

HC-SR04 Pin	ESP32 Pin
VCC	VIN
GND	GND
Trig	GPIO5
Echo	GPIO18

⚠️ Important: The HC-SR04 sensor's Echo pin outputs a 5V signal, while the ESP32's GPIO pins are only 3.3V tolerant. For long-term reliability and to prevent damage to your ESP32, it is highly recommended to use a simple voltage divider (e.g., a 1kΩ and a 2kΩ resistor) to step down the 5V signal to approximately 3.3V before connecting it to the ESP32's Echo pin.

Software Setup & Deployment

1. Backend Setup

# Navigate to the backend directory
cd BackEnd

# Install dependencies
npm install

# Create a .env file and add your configuration
# (see .env.example)
cp .env.example .env

# Run the server
npm run dev

2. Frontend Setup

# Navigate to the frontend directory
cd FrontEnd

# Install dependencies
npm install

# Run the development server
npm run dev

3. Firmware (ESP32)

1. Open in Arduino IDE: Open the .ino project file from the Firmware directory.

2. Configure Credentials: Update the Wi-Fi credentials and the server endpoint in the code.

   // --- CONFIGURATION ---
   const char* ssid = "YOUR_WIFI_SSID";
   const char* password = "YOUR_WIFI_PASSWORD";
   const char* server_ip = "YOUR_BACKEND_SERVER_IP";
   const int server_port = 8080;
   
   const int TANK_HEIGHT_CM = 200; // Total height of your tank
   // ---------------------

3. Upload the Code:

   • Connect the ESP32 to your computer via USB.
   • In the Arduino IDE, go to Tools > Board and select a generic board like "ESP32 Dev Module".
   • Choose the correct COM port under Tools > Port.
   • Click the Upload button.

4. Monitor: Open the Serial Monitor (Ctrl+Shift+M) at a baud rate of 115200 (ESP32's default) to see status messages and readings.

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🔧 Troubleshooting

• No Data on Dashboard:
  • Ensure the ESP32 is connected to your Wi-Fi (check the Serial Monitor in Arduino IDE for logs).
  • Verify that the server_ip in the firmware code is correct and accessible from your ESP32's network.
  • Check that the backend server is running and there are no firewall rules blocking the connection.
• Inaccurate Readings:
  • Ensure the sensor is perfectly perpendicular to the water surface.
  • Make sure the TANK_HEIGHT_CM constant in the code matches your tank's actual height.
  • Check your voltage divider resistors if the readings are consistently wrong.

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🗺️ Roadmap & Future Enhancements

• Automated Pump Control: Implement logic on the backend to automatically control the pump based on user-defined thresholds.
• Solar Power: Make the system self-sufficient by powering it with a solar panel and a rechargeable battery.
• Data Logging: Store data locally on an SD card as a backup in case of network failure.
• Enhanced UI: Develop a custom web application or mobile app for a more tailored user experience.

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🤝 Contributing

Contributions are what make the open-source community an amazing place to learn, inspire, and create. Any contributions you make are greatly appreciated.

1. Fork the Project
2. Create your Feature Branch (git checkout -b feature/AmazingFeature)
3. Commit your Changes (git commit -m 'Add some AmazingFeature')
4. Push to the Branch (git push origin feature/AmazingFeature)
5. Open a Pull Request

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📄 License

Distributed under the MIT License. See the LICENSE file for details.