diff --git a/W3D2&W8D1&W11D2.md b/W3D2&W8D1&W11D2.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f48a677 --- /dev/null +++ b/W3D2&W8D1&W11D2.md @@ -0,0 +1,97 @@ +# W3D2&W8D1&W11D2 + +# W3D2 + +## Process & threads + +#### 1. synchronize + +- lock, mutex, semaphore + - mutex means: mutual exclusion. + - method 1: lock variable. + - method 2: Peterson. + +- CLI/busywaiting/sleepwakeup + +#### 2. Process/Thread Scheduling + +#### 3. Memory consistency + +**memory barriers:** to protect the code sequences, which might be edit by compiler, tomasulo, etc.. + +> A barrier is: Cannot change two code if one is before-barrier and the other is after-barrier. + +#### 4. CPU scheduling + +- Q: who's next?! + - according to priority. +- Avoiding locks + - Read-copy-update + +**Scheduling methods:** + +Run Queue(round robin). time-slice as a unit. + +**Tradeoff:** context switch + +# W8D1 + +### 1. Security + +**Exp: ** login, password, DoS + +**Definition: ** TCB + +### 2. Authentication + +Methods of authenticating users when they attempt to log in based on one of three general principles: + +- Something the user knows. +- Something the user has. +- Something the user is. + +### 3. Buffer Overflow Attacks + +### 4. Multilevel SecurityBell-LaPadula Model + +Bell-LaPadula Model rules for information flow: + +- The simple security property + Process running at security level k can read only objects at its level or lower +- The property + Process running at security level k can write only objects at its level or higher + +# W11D2 + +### 1. Multi-core/Processor/computer + +SMC/SMP/cluster/Grid/Cloud... + +multi: shared memory, multi-CPU + +UMA-NUMA + +multiple spinlock, bus + +- Avoid cache thrashing! +- Time sharing, the art of scheduling + +"Gang scheduling" : A gang of related threads are scheduled as a unit, a "gang" + +"Computational Graph": ->"A platform for ML" + +"Distributed Shared Memory": Like page table, with indices + +### 2. Graph computing + +relations between Nodes, allocation of resources,... + +GraphChi + +Speed up executing, space less, locality is good. + +And we have algorithms. + +Object-based middleware "**CORBA**" + +Based on CORBA. Distributed systems. \ No newline at end of file